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Which cranial nerve is the vagus nerve?

Isolated mitochondria are able to sustain ATP synthesis when provided with ADP, Pi, O2, and a regenerating supply of NADH or FADH2 as the sole source of electrons for oxidative phosphorylation. Predict how inhibition of Complex I will affect O2 consumption and ATP synthesis. Answer choices: Decrease Increase No change Site of inhibition Sole source of electrons Oxygen consumption ATP synthesis Complex I NADH [BLANK-1] [BLANK-2] Complex I FADH2 [BLANK-3] [BLANK-4]

Click on the carbon atom in this trisaccharide that is in equilibrium with its aldehyde form (not shown).

In a tightly coupled mitochondrial electron transport system, inhibition of electron transport at complex III will be accompanied by accumulation of the oxidized form of which of the following reductants? ElectronTransport2(1).png 

Given that all phosphotransferases have similar catalytic mechanisms, consider the half-reactions for the uncatalyzed transfer of inorganic phosphate from 1,3-BPG to ADP. One half-reaction produces water and the other consumes water. Observe that the phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK)-catalyzed phosphoryl transfer from 1,3-BPG to ADP does not include water. Select the best explanation for why the catalyzed reaction does not include water. uncatalyzed half-reaction 1 1,3-BPG + H2O → 3BPG + Pi uncatalyzed half-reaction 2 ADP + Pi → ATP + H2O PGK-catalyzed coupled reaction 1,3-BPG + ADP → 3PG + ATP

The exergonic flow of electrons from NADH catalyzed by Complex I is sufficient to drive which of the following endergonic processes? 

The isocitrate dehydrogenase-catalyzed citric acid cycle reaction has a ∆Go’ of -8.4 kJ mol-1 and information in the Bx resource,isocitrate + NAD+ → α-ketoglutarate + CO2 + NADHSelect the value in kJ mol-1 that is closest to the ∆Go’ for the uncatalyzed half-reactionisocitrate → α-ketoglutarate + CO2 + 2e-

Malate dehydrogenase catalyzes the following reaction in the citric acid cycle (ΔGo’= +29.7 kJ mol-1).malate + NAD+ → oxaloacetate + NADHMatch each half reaction with its correct thermodynamic nature of the reaction.

Identify the subcellular location where activated electron carriers are produced by the given enzymes. Answer choices: Cytoplasm Outer mitochondrial membrane Inner mitochondrial membrane Mitochondrial matrix Pathway Enzyme Reducing equivalent Subcellular location Pyruvate dehydrogenase NADH [BLANK-1] Citric acid cycle Isocitrate dehydrogenase NADH [BLANK-2] Citric acid cycle/electron transport Succinate dehydrogenase FADH2 [BLANK-3] Electron transport Complex I QH2 [BLANK-4]

Hydrolysis of which bond releases the most energy in physiological conditions? phosphoBonds.png