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While scheduled exams are an example of a ________ schedule of reinforcement, unannounced pop quizzes are an example of a _______ schedule of reinforcement.

Sleep spindles, or sudden burst of brain activity, is characteristic of Stage _____ sleep.

After Jessica flirted with someone else at the party, her boyfriend didn’t talk to her for the rest of the night. In operant conditioning terms, Jessica’s boyfriend applied what type of consequence?

In order to show that the Conditioned Stimulus had to give the dog some information, Rescorla & Wagner modified Pavlov’s classic experiment slightly. What did they do differently, to demonstrate that it was the information, i.e. “food is coming”, that was critical in classical conditioning?

Amanda works in the prison sewing shop. She is paid $5 for every ten labels she sews on shirts. This best exemplifies which type of reinforcement schedule?

The multilayered light-sensitive surface in the eye that records electromagnetic energy and converts it to neural impulses for processing in the brain is known as the sclera.

Harry watches Andy skip off to go home. As he watches, Andy seems to be shrinking. Despite Harry’s tendency to panic at the least reason, he knows that Andy is not really shrinking. Which of the following aspects of perceptual constancy allows Harry to understand that Andy is not getting smaller?

Leslie, a student, is introduced to smoking cigarettes by her friends. After smoking a cigarette for the first time, she experiences an immense high of nicotine. However, after two months of smoking, Leslie is able to experience the same high only after smoking six cigarettes. Which of the following best explains Leslie’s need to smoke an increased number of cigarettes to get the same effect?

Describe the trichromatic theory of color vision and explain the major weakness of this theory.

Maria has been a victim of domestic violence for approximately nine years but has been unable to walk out of the relationship. Which of the following conditioning concepts would best aid in understanding Maria’s behavior?