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hypoventilation                   blueness of skin due to poor circulation or inadequate oxygenation of blood  apnea                                             dyspnea when not standing or sitting erect       hyperventilation          hypertrophy, potential failure of right side of heart; obstruction of pulmonary circulation eupnea                                deficiency of oxygen or the inability to utilize oxygen in a tissue   respiratory arrest                            permanent cessation of breathing (unless medical intervention)  hypoxia                                                         reduced pulmonary ventilation tachypena                                   increased pulmonary ventilation in excess of  metabolic demand dyspnea                                                               temporary cessation of breathing   orthopnea                                                    collapse of part or all of a lung Kussmaul respiration                                  relaxed quiet breathing   cor pulmonale                 labored, gasping breathing; shortness of breath cyanosis                  abnormal collection of air in the pleural space, causes lung to collapse  atelectasis                                                accelerated respiration pneumothorax                                            rapid breathing induced by acidosis; seen in diabetes mellitus

The internal and external intercostals  

The least common but most lethal form of lung cancer is small-cell carcinoma.  

Alveolar gas exchange is the back-and-forth traffic of carbon dioxide and oxygen across the respiratory membrane.         [a]   diffuses out of the alveoli and into capillaries.        [b]    diffuses out of capillaries and into alveoli.

Complete the phrases by filling in the blanks with the words listed below: blood  , systemic tissues,  lungs,  heart  1. External respiration is the exchange of gases between [a]   and [b]      2. Internal respiration is the exchange of gases between [c]   and [d]

Fill in the blanks using any of the following terms: (in, out, decreases, increases, drops, raises) 1.  As external intercostals and diaphragm contract, lung volume [a] , pressure [b] , and  air moves [c] 2. As external intercostals and diaphragm relax, lung volume  [d] , pressure [e] , and  air moves[f]  

The left lung has ________ lobes and the right lung has _____ lobes.    

________ receptors trigger protective responses such as coughing, sneezing, bronchioconstriction.

The lumen of the trachea and the bronchi are lined with ________ which contain _____ which secrete mucus.    

List the three factors that could create resistance to airflow:                 [a]                  [b]                 [c]