A hospital is developing a ventilator-associated pneumonia p…

A hospital is developing a ventilator-associated pneumonia protocol. Which of the following should be included?I. Routinely change all ventilator circuits within 48 hours of use.II. Change ventilator circuits when obviously fouled with sputum or blood.III. Closed-airway suctioning should be used whenever possible. IV. A heat and moisture exchanger should be used.