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While all the answers below will decrease central sensitization to some degree which would be most effective? 

You have a 25 kg dog that needs 0.5 mgs/kg of butorphanol which is 10 milligrams/milliliter. What volume of butorphanol should be administered? 

The initial recovery from anesthesia, extubation and raising their head, following propofol (and the thiobarbiturates in the past) is mainly due to which one of these mechanisms? 

Maintaining good maternal oxygenation and placental perfusion is important when anesthetizing a patient for a C-section but not when anesthetizing a pregnant patient for other procedures.

Which one of the following is the best definition of pain? 

Do NSAID’s such as carprofen decrease or increase renal blood flow?

You have a healthy canine patient under propofol anesthesia for a quick laceration cleaning and suturing. It is a hunting dog that cut itself on a fence while chasing a rabbit instead of looking for pheasants. The dog is breathing room air and has a respiratory rate of 8 breaths/minute. You notice the pulse oximetry value is decreasing to 85% (normal is 95-100%). What is the MOST LIKELY reason for the decrease in the pulse oximetry value? 

A technician intern brings you a blood gas from an old dog having knee surgery. An arterial blood gas analysis shows the following values. pH = 7.37, PaCO2 = 43 mmHg, PaO2 = 495 mmHg, Bicarbonate = 23 mmol/L, Base excess = -1 mmol/L. Which statement best describes this dog’s acid base status.

Will decreased renal excretion usually have more of an effect on the patient’s response to a renally excreted drug after a single dose or multiple doses?

Nerve blocks can help provide analgesia when performing surgery to correct some components of upper airway syndrome in brachycephalic breeds.