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During an immune response, where do antigen-presenting cells (APCs) typically interact with T cells? 

A 30-year-old female with a deep vein thrombosis is started on anticoagulant therapy. The medication inhibits thrombin.  Which step in the clotting process is directly affected by this medication? 

Which immunoglobulin is the most abundant in the body? 

A 65-year-old female with osteoporosis is prescribed a medication that inhibits osteoclast activity.  What is the expected outcome of this treatment? 

A 50-year-old male with a history of hepatitis B infection is diagnosed with liver cancer.   How can hepatitis B virus contribute to cancer development? 

A new cancer drug is being tested that inhibits cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs).  Which aspect of the cell cycle is directly targeted by this drug? 

A 55-year-old male presents with pain over the lateral aspect of his hip. He reports that the pain worsens with prolonged standing and when he lies on the affected side. Physical examination reveals tenderness over the greater trochanter.  What is the most likely diagnosis? 

A 45-year-old male presents with lower back pain radiating down his left leg. He reports numbness and weakness in his left foot. MRI reveals a herniated disc at the L4-L5 level.  What is the most likely cause of his symptoms? 

What is the role of the capsid in a virus?

A 72-year-old male with a history of smoking presents with a persistent cough and weight loss. Imaging reveals a mass in the lung.  What factor most likely contributed to his increased risk of lung cancer?