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They are shot by Candide and wept over by two naked women.

This former prostitute takes up embroidery at the end of Candide.

Candide kills him immediately after slaying Don Issachar.

All Nature is but Art, unknown to thee;      All Chance, Direction, which thou canst not see;    All Discord, Harmony not understood;    All partial Evil, universal Good:    And, spite of Pride, in erring Reason’s spite,    One truth is clear: WHATEVER IS, IS RIGHT

They kidnap Candide because he is “five feet five inches tall; ultimately, they flog Candide until he is at the point of death.

Identify the context and significance of this quotation from Candide (4-6 good sentences):  If this is the best of all possible, worlds, what are the others like?  The flogging is not so bad, I was flogged by the Bulgars.  But oh my dear Pangloss, greatest of all philosophers, was it necessary for me to watch you being hanged, for no reason that I can see?  Oh my dear Anabaptist, best of men, was it necessary that you should be drowned in the port?  Oh Miss Cunegonde, pearl of young ladies, was it necessary that you should have your belly slit open?  

Which phrase from Immanuel Kant means “Dare to know,” to have the courage to use one’s own reason?  It becomes a maxim for the Enlightenment. 

The daughter of Pope Urban the Tenth and the Princess of Palestrina, she has only one buttock.

About this, Pope says, “Where, one step broken, the great scale’s destroyed.”

Identify the context and significance of this quotation from Gulliver’s Travels (4-6 good sentences):  They have no fondness for their colts or foals; but the care they take in educating them proceedeth entirely from the dictates of reason. And I observed my master to show the same affection to his neighbor’s issue that he had for his own. . . . .When the matron Houyhnhnms have produced one of each sex, they no longer accompany with their consorts, except they lose one of their issue by some casualty, which very seldom happens; but in such a case they meet again; or when the like accident befalls a person whose wife is past bearing, some other couple bestow on him one of their own colts, and then go together again until the mother is pregnant.