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Optional extra credit: Imagine you and your friends all attend a single event and are all exposed to a species of pathogen (e.g., respiratory viruses or bacteria via inhalation, or gastrointestinal viruses or bacteria via consumption of food). Some of you are fine after the event, some of you get somewhat sick, and unfortunately, some of you get fairly ill, although fortunately everyone recovers just fine. Describe some factors that contribute to the differential outcomes among your group. In other words, why were some individuals fine, but others became quite ill from the same pathogen? Please explain using complete sentences in a minimum of a paragraph (4-5 sentences). Copyright 2024 by Dr. Jonathan A. Miller. All rights reserved. Online sharing or distribution is prohibited. For exam use only in BIOL& 260: Microbiology at Edmonds College. Outside help is not allowed.

A 20-year-old patient presents with pain during chewing gum and mastication. You suspect impaired movement of the articular disc during jaw elevation. Which muscle is primarily responsible for facilitating the anterior movement of the articular disc during mouth opening and controlling its return during elevation?

A 65-year-old patient with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) presents with difficulty breathing and reduced lung capacity. During the physical examination, the clinician assesses the movement of the thorax during respiration, particularly focusing on the “bucket handle” movement of the ribs. What is the primary role of the “bucket handle” movement of the thorax during respiration?

In standing, which muscle when activated will anteriorly tilt the pelvis and increase the lumbar lordosis through its reverse action?

You are designing an exercise program aimed at enhancing spine core muscle strength while minimizing stress on the intervertebral disc and facet joints. Which position or exercise is likely to maximize activation of the deep core muscles while minimizing intervertebral disc compression and facet joint stress?

A 50-year-old patient presents with persistent pain and clicking in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) during chewing and speaking. The clinician is evaluating the static stability of the TMJ as part of the assessment. Which of the following anatomical structures primarily contribute to the static stability of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)?

A physical therapist is assessing the breathing patterns of a patient with a complete C3 spinal cord injury. What breathing pattern is the physical therapist most likely to observe in a patient with a complete C3 spinal cord injury?

A patient presents with anterior patellofemoral pain following a patellar dislocation sustained during a soccer game. Upon examination, an excessive lateral position of the patella is noted in full knee extension. Based on the observation of an excessive lateral patellar position in full extension, what hypothesis can be made?

A 30-year-old rock climber presents with significant pain and loss of function in the fingers after a fall. Imaging studies suggest a partial tear of the A2 pulley associated with a flexor tendon injury. During the assessment, the clinician evaluates the impact of this injury on the biomechanical function of the finger flexors. How does an injury to the A2 pulley specifically affect the biomechanics of the flexor tendons and grip strength?

A patient presents with bilateral genu recurvatum and associated external rotation of the tibia. Considering the mitered hinge mechanism of the foot and ankle, which of the following motions are likely to occur at the foot and ankle?