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A Protocol Data Unit (PDU) refers to payload data with metadata fields that describe how the data needs to be handled by the different OSI layers. What is the name of the PDU in the physical layer of the OSI reference model?

What is the name of the DHCP message that a server sends to confirm a client’s IP Address lease request?

Explain the following terms: 1) What is NAT and why is it used? 2) What does ARP tables accomplish? 3) What information is stored in an ARP table row?  

A parent puts a child in “time out” every time they use a swear word. For this reason, the child rarely swears anymore. The time out strategy is considered to be ________________.

According to the systems view of families, which factors influence a child’s development?

 Unless one is in a state of purity, one may not handle the Qur’an, perform the salat, circumambulate the Ka’ba, or perform the running rite (sa’y) in Mecca (both of which are part of the hajj, or “pilgrimage”).

  It is recommended that Muslims observe the salat in a mosque, but it is permissible to pray at home, at work, or even outdoors, provided the prayer place is clean and free from distractions.

Open hands for du’a (prayers of personal petition) symbolize humility before God in asking for help and openness to God’s presence and blessings.

  Zakat is a highly beneficial practice, both for the society of Muslims and for individuals. As an act of worship, and a required one at that, it is not to be regarded as a favor that the giver does for his or her fellow Muslims. God is the ultimate giver, and the one who makes the right niyya before giving the mandatory alms is aware of that and therefore is engaged in a pure act.

Although women are not required to attend the mosque, they did so during Muhammad’s lifetime and many increasingly choose to do so today to express their devotion to God and to be part of the community of faith.