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Which of the following would be most helpful in determining if a patient is developing ventilatory failure?

A 44-year-old, 5′ 9″ tall male patient weighing 85kg (187 lbs) is being mechanically ventilated. An arterial blood gas has been obtained. Ventilatory data and blood gas results are below:Mode: Assist/ControlFIO2: 40%Mandatory Rate: 10Total Rate: 10Vt: 650 mLPEEP: 5 cm H2OMechanical VD: 100 mLBlood GassesPH: 7.28PaCO2: 74 torrPaO2: 57 torrSaO2: 86%HCO3-: 23 mEq/LBE: 0 mEq/LWhich of the following changes should be recommended at this time?

A respiratory therapist reviews a ventilator parameter sheet and finds that the peak inspiratory pressure has been gradually rising for the past several hours. Which of the following could be the cause for this change?I. BronchospasmII. Increasing pulmonary complianceIII. Accumulation of secretionsIV. Increasing airway resistance

A 80 kg (176 lb) male suffering from acute respiratory distress syndrome is being mechanically ventilated at the following settings:Mode: VC, A/CTidal Volume: 500 mLSet Rate: 10 br/minTotal Rate: 10 br/minPIP: 68 cm H2OFIO2: 0.45PEEP: 8 cm H2OBlood Gasses:pH: 7.37PaCO2: 44 torrPaO2: 89 torrHCO3-: 22 mEq/LThe respiratory therapist should:

While assessing a 64-year-old patient receiving volume-controlled ventilation, you note that the peak airway pressure has decreased from 52 cm H2O to 32 cm H2O. There have been no other changes to the ventilator settings. Which of the following action would be appropriate at this time? 

A 75 kg (165 lb) male patient is being mechanically ventilated following coronary artery bypass surgery. He is currently on the following settings:Mode: VC, SIMVSet rate: 10 br/minTotal rate: 14 br/minFiO2: 0.4Vt: 650 mLPEEP: 8 cm H2OArterial blood gas results show:pH: 7.41PCO2: 44 torrPaO2: 85 torrHCO3-: 23 mEq/LYou would recommend which of the following at this time?

Which of the following parameters are acceptable for weaning a patient from continuous mechanical ventilation?I. VD/Vt: 65%II. MIP: -18 cm H2OIII. Qs/Qt: 10%IV. A-aDO2: 12 torr (21% oxygen)

Use of an externally powered, small-volume nebulizer for aerosol delivery during partial ventilatory support with PSV may cause which of the following? I. High VT alarm activation II. Triggering difficulties III. High-pressure alarm activation IV. Ventilator inoperative alarm

A 48-year-old patient is receiving mechanical ventilation following a hernia repair. He is 6′ tall and weighs 75 kg (165 lb). Prior to initiating a spontaneous breathing trial, the therapist notes the following informationFIO2: 0.35SIMV mandatory rate: 6/minTotal rate: 14/minVt: 600 mLMIP: -26 cm H2OSpont Vt: 400 mLArterial blood gas results show:PH: 7.39PaCO2: 42 torrPaO2: 88 torrHCO3-: 23 mEq/LThe patient is to be placed on CPAP with an FIO2 of 0.40. Five minutes into the SBT, his respiratory rate increases to 28/min., heart rate from 110/min. to 135/min. and blood pressure changes from 112/70 mm Hg to 140/88 mm Hg. At this time, the therapist should

The therapist is about to establish bilevel NPPV on a patient who has COPD and has a spontaneous respiratory rate of 14 breaths/minute. Which of the following initial ventilator settings are appropriate for this patient? I. Adjust the sensitivity setting to enable pressure triggering. II. Set an IPAP of 12 cm H2O and an EPAP of 6 cm H2O. III. Institute a backup respiratory rate of 16 breaths/minute. IV. Initiate a PPEP of 10 cm H2O.