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What reason(s) did the Mbizah et al. (2019) give for the third RDH prediction (group size increases as resource heterogeneity (variation) increases) not holding for the African lions.  (Choose all that apply).

Given the RAAS diagram below, what hormone most directly causes the kidneys to increase their reabsorption of water and salt?

The best solution to the iterated prisoner’s dilemma problem proposed by Robert Axelrod was:

The chart below shows the percent change in mass of eggs in various salt solutions over a 1 hr period. By looking at the trajectory of the lines, you can tell if there was more or less salt in the egg in comparison to the solution based on whether water move out (it decreased in mass), or if water moved in (it gained mass). Based on the diagram, what percentage of salt is closest to the salt concentration in the egg, given the various lines for each percentage solution the egg was placed into?

Darwin developed the theory of sexual selection to help explain:

Use the pH diagram as well as your knowledge of pH and human body systems to inform your answers to each question. What would happen to your body and your blood pH if you were to drink only apple juice for the next week?  

Given the Darrow-Yannet Diagram below, which answer would correctly describe what occurs between the ICF and ECF when a HYPERTONIC saline solution is administered to a patient intravenously? (HINT: Remember that osmolarity/concentration is on the Y-axis and volume is on the x-axis in these diagrams)

In terms of mating, male baboons may be dominant and form a primary consort with a female or may exist as subordinates that form coalitions.  The subordinate males then to perform a tit-for-tat strategy of mating.  (1) What is a tit-for-tat strategy in general?  (4pts) (2) What two general conditions have to be met for subordinate baboons to maintain a tit-for-tat strategy? (3pts) (3) What evidence exists for subordinate baboons to engage in tit-for-tat mating strategy? Use figure below to help explain. (3pts)

A conservation biologist is studying a population of an endangered bird species in a forest. She conducts a population count to estimate the total number of individuals. Why is this population count important for her study?

Given the RAAS diagram below, would you consider this a negative or positive feedback loop, and why?