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The partial reinforcement effect refers to the fact that a response that is reinforced after some, but not all, correct responses will be __________ a response that receives continuous reinforcement (a reinforcer for each and every correct response).

A farmer is being troubled by coyotes eating his sheep. In an attempt to solve the problem, he kills a sheep and laces its body with a nausea-inducing drug. He leaves the sheep out where he knows the coyotes roam. He hopes they will learn not to eat the sheep after they become sick from the bait he leaves. The farmer is attempting to apply the research of __________ to accomplish this.

Which of the following statements is TRUE of retrieval cues?

A negative reinforcer is a stimulus that is __________ and thus __________ the probability of a response.

Using the partial report method, Sperling found the capacity of iconic memory to be around __________.

John Watson offered a live, white rat to Little Albert and then made a loud noise behind his head by striking a steel bar with a hammer. The white rat served as the __________ in his study.

__________ is an example of a primary reinforcer, whereas __________ is an example of a secondary reinforcer.

Current research finds that younger adults can hold __________ items in short-term (working) memory if they do not use any type of retention strategy.

The key to the partial report method of Sperling’s study of sensory memory was to __________.

You train your dog, Atticus, to salivate at the sound of a bell. Then you ring the bell every 5 minutes and don’t follow the ringing with food for Atticus. He salivates less and less and finally stops salivating at all when the bell rings. But the next morning, when you ring the bell, Atticus salivates! What term is used to explain the reappearance of this response?