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********Conceptual Questions (No Partial Credit)******************

You are a sports psychologist tasked with working with an athlete, Alex, a competitive tennis player, who has been struggling with maintaining focus and performing under pressure in high-stakes matches. Despite Alex’s strong technical abilities, he often experiences performance decrements during critical points of the game. Alex is seeking help to optimize his psychological skills for better learning, mental resilience, and overall performance in future tournaments. Identify the psychological determinants of expertise. Detail specific determinants to help Alex improve his attention and emotion regulation to optimize performance. (10pts) Describe 2 psychological skills/cognitive strategies to help Alex manage anxiety and enhance focus. (10pts) Describe 2 emotion regulation techniques for managing performance anxiety and enhancing recovery. (10pts) Describe Mental Rehearsal and explain how or mental rehearsal can be used to improve Alex’s mental preparation for matches. (10pts)

Modifying a well learned/mastered behavior is difficult, but it is more than doable. Describe in detail, automaticity in sport, the challenges in changing a well learned skill and 2 strategies for modifying automatized skills. 

BCH4024 OC Sp25 E2 Q13: Pepsin is produced from pepsinogen within the stomach through a process known as ______.

What is perceptual-cognitive expertise and what are the defining characteristics that separate the expert from the novice and the near-expert? 

Describe the principles of behavior modification and describe the role of augmented feedback and the role of failure in shaping behavior. Please be thoughtful, thorough and use examples in supporting your response. 

BCH4024 OC Sp25 E2 Q22: In cancer chemotherapy, thymidylate synthase is potently inhibited by _________ .

BCH4024 OC Sp25 E2 Q28: Promising drugs have been developed to treat invasive cancers. A class of these drugs act as competitive inhibitors of ATP binding to active sites of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). What are some possible downstream effects of RTK activation in healthy cells?

BCH4024 OC Sp25 E2 Q29: Iodine (I-) is required by the thyroid follicular cells for biosynthesis of thyroid hormones. The Na+I- symporter uses a gradient of Na+ to import I- into these cells. What type of transport is this?

BCH4024 OC Sp25 E2 Q50: What role would an adaptor protein play in a receptor tyrosine kinase signaling pathway?