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Spinal cord injuries can lead to which of the following conditions related to bladder function?

Consumer spending is NOT affected by

An increase in taxes

In which cases would aspiration be performed during injection?

A 45-year-old woman presents with bilateral hand pain and stiffness that is worst in the morning and improves as the day goes on. She reports that the stiffness lasts for over an hour each morning and has been progressively worsening over the past few months. On exam, her metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints are tender and mildly swollen. Which of the following features is most characteristic of inflammatory joint disease such as rheumatoid arthritis?

A 59-year-old man with a known history of gout presents for follow-up. He reports swelling around his big toes and elbows. On physical exam, you note firm, irregular nodules over the extensor surfaces of the elbows and at the first metatarsophalangeal joints. The nodules are non-tender, hard, and chalky white in appearance. Which phase of gout is this patient most likely experiencing?

Henry is a 15-year-old athlete who presents with anterior knee pain that has been intermittent over the past 2 to 3 months. The pain worsens with stair use and improves with rest. He denies systemic symptoms such as fever or weight loss. On examination, there is localized tenderness and swelling over the tibial tuberosity. There is no joint effusion. What is the most likely diagnosis?  

A 45-year-old athlete presents with a gradual onset of pain over the lateral aspect of her right elbow. She reports the pain is worse with gripping objects or performing activities that involve wrist extension, such as lifting a pan or shaking hands. On examination, there is point tenderness over the lateral epicondyle, and pain is reproduced with resisted wrist extension. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

In 10.6, how did federal housing policies, such as those implemented by the FHA, contribute to racial inequality?

In 10.7, how did the concept of “whiteness” evolve in suburban Los Angeles during the postwar era?