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The patient is admitted with new-onset confusion, headache, poor skin turgor, bounding pulse, and urinary incontinence. The patient has been drinking large amounts of water. Lab results show a sodium level of 122 mEq/L. What actions should Nurse Jamie take? Select all that apply.

A patient in the intensive care unit has developed gastrointestinal hemorrhage. The nurse would prepare to fluid resuscitate this patient with which intravenous fluid? 

A nurse is caring for a client with nephrotic syndrome who has been prescribed 25% albumin to help resolve their edema. In addition to the expected outcome of reduced edema, the nurse should also monitor the client for which of the following outcomes?

A client undergoing long-term peritoneal dialysis at home is currently experiencing a reduced outflow from the dialysis catheter. To determine if the catheter is obstructed, what should the nurse ask the client about experiencing recently?

A 65-year-old male client is admitted with suspected acute renal failure. He has been experiencing swelling in his lower extremities, shortness of breath, and weight gain over the past few days. On auscultation of his heart, the nurse hears a third heart sound (S3). What does the nurse suspect? 

The nurse is caring for a client with suspected acute renal failure. Which assessment would provide accurate information about this client’s fluid balance? Select all that apply.

A client with prerenal acute kidney injury and oliguria is hospitalized. What is the primary concern for the nurse while administering an intravenous (IV) bolus to this client?

A 45-year-old female client has just returned to the recovery room after undergoing a renal biopsy to investigate abnormal kidney function. She is awake and alert but slightly drowsy from the sedation. The nurse is monitoring her vital signs and ensuring she is comfortable. The client has a bandage over the biopsy site, and there is no visible bleeding at this time. The nurse is aware of potential complications following this procedure. What should the nurse monitor the client for?

A client has a patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) infusion to manage postoperative pain. Despite receiving a dose of pain medication, the client rates the pain at 8 on a 0 to 10 pain scale. What should the nurse do first?

Case Study: Questions 1 to 3 Scenario: A 27-year-old male presents to the emergency room with confusion, difficulty speaking, shortness of breath, cough, fatigue, and diaphoresis. His respiratory rate is 44 breaths per minute, and his oxygen saturation is 84%. The patient has a 10-year history of asthma and typically uses a salbutamol inhaler (2 puffs, three times a day) and salmeterol (2 puffs every morning). He is an active basketball player but often forgets to take his inhalers as prescribed. He has a history of chain smoking for about 10 years, which he quit recently after his girlfriend left him, and has been smoke-free for some time. He received a flu vaccination six months ago and has a family history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). His mother is an active smoker, although they do not live together.