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High value-added per employee is associated with   a.  “high-tech,” capital intensive industries.   b.  “low-tech,” labor intensive industries.   c.  the shoe industry in 1860.   d.  the use of unskilled labor.

Advertising to differentiate your product most often occurs in what type of industry?   a.  Industries that produce agricultural crops.   b.  Industries with monopolies.   c.  Industries with monopolistic competition.   d.  Perfectly competitive industries. 

Between 1864 and 1900, the largest portion of railroad track (as a percentage of total annual construction) was laid in which region of the U.S.?   a.  the Southeast   b.  the Northeast   c.  the Pacific Northwest   d.  the Great Plains region

The charter of the Bank of the United States was not renewed in 1811 in part because ​   a.  Thomas Jefferson, who was president at the time, believed it to be unconstitutional.   b.  of years of general instability in the value of currency.   c.  of instability and uncertainty in the expansion of credit.   d.  of fears of foreign ownership and manipulation.

In U.S. v. Addyston Pipe and Steel Company (1898), the Supreme Court ruled that   a.  horizontal mergers were a violation of the Sherman Act.   b.  vertical mergers were a violation of the Sherman Act.   c.  collusive agreements among competing firms were a violation of the Sherman Act.   d.  mergers that created “corporate monoliths” were a violation of the Sherman Act.

The considerable rise of manufacturing in the last half of the 19th century has become known as   a.  the Great Leap Forward.   b.  the Industrial Revolution.   c.  the Second Industrial Revolution.   d.  the Ascendancy of Manufactures.

The sharp decline in domestic freight costs during the antebellum period was primarily due to the introduction of   a.  railroads.   b.  paved roads.   c.  clipper ships.   d.  canals and steamboats.

What was the most immediate impact of introducing the horse to the plains Indians?    a.  A decrease in the amount of agricultural work the Indians did.   b.  A large increase in the size of hunting groups.    c.  More intensive and more efficient use of animal carcasses.    d.  More time was spent in fixed locations.

The Grangers are noted for   a.  encouraging the federal government to re-issue “greenbacks.”   b.  establishing cooperatives that sold farm and consumer goods to their members.   c.  refusing to sell grain to foreign countries.   d.  forming a cartel that set upper limits on members’ output of basic farm products.

Compared to the 1850s, the annual rate of growth of commodity output during the Civil War   a.  held constant from the previous decade.   b.  increased by roughly 25 percent.   c.  fell by more than 50 percent.   d.  None of the above is correct.