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English economist Thomas Mun was an early advocate of unrestrictred free trade.

A nurse is educating a group of older adults about hydration and kidney function. Which statement best describes a normal age-related renal change?

What should be the nurse’s first action when caring for an 85-year-old client admitted to the medical floor with mild dehydration and a history of colon cancer? The client reports feeling weak but remains responsive and oriented.

A 78-year-old client with metastatic bone cancer reports increasing pain that is interfering with daily activities. The nurse assesses the client’s pain as a 7/10 on a numeric pain scale and reviews the client’s current pain management regimen, which includes acetaminophen and low-dose ibuprofen. The provider considers adjusting the pain management plan using the WHO 4-step analgesic ladder.     According to the WHO 4-step analgesic ladder, which is the most appropriate next step in pain management for this client?

A 79-year-old patient with dysphagia is at risk for aspiration pneumonia. Which intervention should the nurse implement first?

Which statement best explains the purpose and application of the Beers Criteria in medication management for older adults?

The nurse explains the WHO 4-step analgesic ladder to a nursing student. Which statements accurately describe its principles? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY).

You are a nurse caring for Mr. Thompson, an 88-year-old man with fragile skin who accidentally scraped his forearm on the bedrail, resulting in a skin tear. The wound is shallow with a small flap of skin still attached. What is the best initial action to take?

Mrs. Thompson, an 82-year-old woman, visits her dermatologist due to dark brown, raised lesions on her face that appear “stuck on.” Based on common age-related skin changes, what condition does she most likely have?

A client in a memory care facility becomes agitated and accuses the nurse of stealing a pearl necklace. Given the client’s cognitive impairment, which response is most appropriate for the nurse to de-escalate the situation and provide reassurance?