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Which of the following was pivotal in helping to solidify the idea of “the West”—i.e., Christian Europe—during the Middle Ages?

Dual process and dual systems models of reasoning (and higher-level cognition in general) state that we can use one of two systems when reasoning. These are Type I processes which are ____ and Type II processes which are ___. 

Participants tend NOT to use base-rate information if they are also given:

Which of the following is correct regarding dual-process models?

The probabilistic approach to abstract versions of the Wason card selection task claim that: 

Participants are shown four cards, and each card has a word or symbol on each side. Participants are asked which cards they would need to turn over in order to test a certain rule. Participants’ performance will be:

People often make errors in deciding whether phrases with the format “If A is true, then B is true. A is not true. Therefore, B is not true” are valid or not. This error is known as:

“I can easily think of the names of several dishonest politicians, so I’m certain there are a lot of dishonest politicians!” This is an example of a judgment relying on:

Consider the following premises and conclusion and then match the phrases to their labels. Premis 1: If a stock’s price is rising, then the company is performing well. Premis 2: The stock’s price is not rising. Conclusion: The company is not performing well.

While in his wolf form, Bisclavret does what to his former wife?