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How did A. Philip Randolph differ from most other African-American civil rights leaders of his time?

The NAACP __________.

The doctors who carried out the Tuskegee Study __________.

As the Great Depression took hold, white people in the South ___________.

Choose the main pattern of organization of the passage. Almost all effective interpersonal communication requires some degree of self-disclosure. The very process of making friends involves learning more about each other. In the broadest sense, self-disclosure means sharing biographical data, personal ideas, and feelings. Statements such as “I was 5′ 6″ in seventh grade” reveal biographical information—facts about you as an individual. Statements such as “I don’t think prisons ever really rehabilitate criminals” disclose personal ideas and reveal what and how you think. Statements such as “I get scared when I have to make a speech” disclose feelings. Biographical disclosures are easiest to make, for they are, in a manner of speaking, a matter of public record. It is statements about personal ideas and feelings that most people think of as self-disclosure.

Choose the main pattern of organization of the passage. Why do some people belittle themselves regardless of what they have done? People who have low self-esteem are likely to be unsure of the value of their contributions and expect others to view them negatively. These people find it less painful to put themselves down than to hear the criticism of others. To preempt the likelihood that others will comment on their unworthiness, they do it first.

Choose the main pattern of organization of the passage. The rubber balloon is an interesting elastic object. As an elastic balloon is inflated with helium and stretched away from its initial shape, the rubber exerts a force inward to restore equilibrium. As a result, each region of the balloon’s surface experiences three forces: an outward force from the pressure of helium inside, an inward force from the elastic skin of the balloon itself, and an inward force from the pressure of air outside. Once the balloon stops expanding and reaches a new state of equilibrium, it must be experiencing zero net force; the outward force must balance the two inward forces. Therefore, the pressure of the helium inside the balloon must be somewhat greater than the pressure of the outside air.

Choose the main pattern of organization of the passage. An airplane is supported in flight by air passing across its wings. Air traveling over the wings moves farther and faster than air traveling under the wings. As a result, the air pressure is lower above the wings, and the wings experience an upward lift force. This lift force decreases at low airspeeds, so most commercial jet airplanes must alter the shapes of their wings during takeoffs and landings.

Choose the main pattern of organization of the passage. Words have two kinds of meanings—denotative and connotative. Denotative meaning is precise, literal, and objective. It simply describes the object, person, place, idea, or event to which the word refers. One way to think of a word’s denotative meaning is as its dictionary definition. For example, denotatively, the noun school means “a place, institution, or building where instruction is given.” Connotative meaning is more variable, figurative, and subjective. Put simply, the connotative meaning is what the word suggests or implies. For instance, the connotative meaning of the word school includes the feelings, associations, and emotions that the word touches off in different people. For some people, school might connote personal growth, childhood friends, and a special teacher. For others, it might connote frustration, discipline, and boring homework assignments.

Choose the main pattern of organization of the passage. In a democracy, it is important for a free press to assume a watchdog role, meaning that it accepts responsibility for protecting the public from deceitful, careless, incompetent, and corrupt officials. In this role, the press stands ready to expose any official who violates accepted legal, ethical, and performance standards. The most notable example of the watchdog role in recent history took place during the Watergate scandal. Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein of the Washington Post spent months uncovering evidence that high- ranking officials in the Nixon White House were lying about their role in the burglary of the Democratic National Committee’s headquarters and in their subsequent cover-up. Virtually all the nation’s media picked up on the Post’s revelations. Nixon was forced to resign, as was his attorney general, John Mitchell. The Watergate episode is a dramatic reminder that a vigilant press is one of society’s best safeguards against abuses of political power.