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Danger, authority, and the ____ are three elements of the police subculture.

Reasonable suspicion to frisk consists of facts and circumstances that would lead an officer to suspect that a person lawfully stopped might be armed.

In problem-oriented policing, arrest and prosecution alone are viewed as the most effective way to resolve problems.

Research has shown that for most officers, the transition from civilian to police officer begins ____.

The objective basis for backing up stops and frisks is called ____.

The U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that extensive searches of vehicles at the time drivers and passengers are arrested are ____ if the person(s) have been secured in a police vehicle at the time of the search.

Public police agencies in the United States are organized along the lines of our federalist system of government.

Wherever people have a reasonable expectation of privacy, government intrusions are ____.

The police academy experience socializes recruits by both formal and informal means.

If you add up all the deviation scores in a dataset, the result is 0.