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Utilitarianism is a backward-looking theory that looks at past promises and past obligations.

Fried defines the lawyer as a client’s special friend whereby the lawyer does the morally right thing (and not just the legally permissible thing) in advancing the client’s interests over the best interests of the community.

The Sam and Doris case was expected to be a case of “my word agsinst yours.”

According to Charles Fried, utilitarian reasoning is the best and only way to justify a lawyer’s special friendship with his or her clients.

Deontological ethics is an ethical theory opposed or contrasted to duty ethics.

There are two kinds of virtue for Aristotle: primary and secondary virtues.

According to the principle of justice, one is morally obligated to acknowlege a person’s right to due process under the law, fair compensation for harm done, and fair distribution of benefits.

A public defender is paid by the government to defend clients who have been arrested and charged by the government.

One of the traditional areas of philosophy is aesthetics which is sometimes grouped with ethics under the broad category of axiology.

A consequentialist moral reasoner would locate the moral worth of an action in the intrinsic quality of the act itself.