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Explain the difference between a star going through interstellar reddening and a star that is redshifted. To do this, comment on the following: a.) What is causing the reddening and redshift? b.) How would the absorption spectrum for the stars differ? Comment both on the position of the spectral lines and their strength (how bright each line appears to be).

Match the various luminosity classes with the phases of our Sun’s lifetime. Note: not all answer choices will be used.

Which of the star clusters appears to be the youngest?

The stars denoted by the circled region “C” are higher on the the diagram than those labeled “D” since they are ________.

Which of the star clusters does not contain any protostars?

If a recessive allele is lethal, and the homozygous recessive individuals die at birth, over time the frequency of the heterozygote will

Light from a distance galactic cloud is measured to have a wavelength of 21.005 cm. Which of the following statements is true?

After graduation, you and 19 friends build a raft, sail to a deserted island, and start a new population, totally isolated from the world. Two of your friends carry (that is, are heterozygous for) the recessive cf allele, which in homozygotes causes cystic fibrosis. Assuming that the frequency of this allele does not change as the population grows, what will be the instance of cystic fibrosis on your island?

Give two features of the luminosity of Type Ia supernovae that makes them useful for determining the distance to distant galaxies. Clearly explain why these features are useful.

Two large populations of horses are being systematically crossed (mares from one population bred to stallions of the other and vice versa). Coat color is NOT a factor in determining which animals are selected and which individual matings are made. Frequencies of coat color genes at the C locus are: Population 1: C = 0.8, ccr = 0.2 Population 2: C = 0.3, ccr = 0.7 What will be the frequency of Q at the C locus in the offspring (F1) population?