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Platform as a service (PaaS) provides  complete application with a user interface, e.g., Google Docs, Gmail, Salesforce.com.

Designing lightweighted IoT protocols is NOT necessary since IoT devices are considered as capable as normal computing devices although they are much smaller in size.

Even if a device is cloned, the on-device firmware/software, or security configuration of the thing CANNOT be compromised.

Which of the following statements about cloud computing is NOT correct?

Layer-6 “application” layer abstracts data accumulated by Layer-4 “data accumulation” layer.

In the 7-layer IoT architecture, what of the following statement about the layer-2 “networking and connectivity” layer is correct?

Large companies are forming vertical alliances with stakeholders of different levels, thus are causing somewhat fragmented markets that are not compatible with each other between the big companies.

Saturn is less dense than water. 

Neutron stars are more massive than black holes.

Extra Credit: The definition of a compound is: