Describe how mutations initially arise in an organism’s geno…

Describe how mutations initially arise in an organism’s genotype, affecting specific alleles, and how these changes can influence the phenotype. Discuss how natural selection acts on these phenotypic variations, ultimately driving evolution in a population. Provide examples to illustrate your explanation.

Recall that we defined list_fold bylet rec list_fold f e l =…

Recall that we defined list_fold bylet rec list_fold f e l =   match l with    | [] -> e    | (x :: l’) -> f x (list_fold f e l’)We shall now look at calls of the form    list_fold  (fun x r -> B)    1  [5;6] Match each instantiation of B with the value of that call.  

Consider the OCaml function my_filter defined by  let rec my…

Consider the OCaml function my_filter defined by  let rec my_filter p z = match z with   | [] -> []   | (h :: t) -> if p h         then h :: (my_filter p t)          else my_filter p twhose most general type is:  (‘a -> [bool]) -> [alist1] -> [alist2]  

Oxidative phosphorylation is a defining reaction of cellular…

Oxidative phosphorylation is a defining reaction of cellular respiration. Briefly summarize OxPhos. Be sure to describe the role of oxidation in this process and the molecules that are being oxidized. Discuss the role of phosphorylation in this process and the molecules that are being phosphorylated. Finally, discuss the importance of O2. Answers should demonstrate an understanding of the cytochromes, enzymes, reactants/substrates, and membranes involved in the process. The compound 2,4 dinitrophenol (DNP) is capable of making mitochondrial membranes permeable to protons.  Biochemists refer to it as an “uncoupler”.  Would ETC and chemiosmosis still happen in cells treated with DNP? Your answer should explain which reaction(s) would still continue, and which reaction(s) would no longer work when cells are exposed to DNP.