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A processed film with optical density (OD) of 0.2 is placed over another film with OD of 0.1. The resulting total OD is

Compton scattering may cause reduction of an x-ray beam intensity passing through a patient.

An x-ray tube emits 1014 photons per second. The x-ray is assumed to contain only 50-keV photons and irradiates a 0.2-mm-thick tissue sample for 0.2 second. The HVL of the sample is 0.8 cm, and the energy absorption coefficient of the sample is 0.1 cm−1 for 50-keV photons.

A higher resolution of an X-ray image may be achieved by using

Photoelectric effect is one of the main processes for x-ray generation.

A tissue (12 cm x 20 cm) was exposed for 0.1 second to an x-ray containing 5×1013 photons. The radiation flux is

The anode of an X-ray tube needs to rotate at a high speed in order to accelerate electrons for X-ray generation.

Photoelectric effect causes tissue absorption of an X-ray.

Visibility of anatomy and signs of pathology depend on the contrast that is produced and displayed in an image.

Bremsstrahlung radiation is produced when incident electrons interact with the inner shell electrons of the atoms in the anode.