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Briefly describe antibody class-switching, and give 2-3 examples of different classes of antibodies. (4 points)

Recent clinical trials have shown efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors against advanced melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer. What are immune checkpoints and how does checkpoint inhibition lead to tumor regression? (6 points)

Name and describe two mechanisms of viral pathogenesis. (4 points)

Sun Questions: 20-26 Briefly describe the major characteristics/hall marks of the innate immunity? (4 points)

Which of the following is incorrect (2 points)?

Section 1:  Short Answer IDs.  You will see seven potential terms in this section.  You must only write on FOUR of them.   Define four terms in this section; and describe the significance of each one to the study of international relations.  Be as thorough and specific as possible.  The best responses will demonstrate mastery, rather than sufficient or incomplete knowledge, of the content.  Liberal Theory of International Politics Weaponized Interdependence Sovereignty Sociotropic preferences Selectorate Theory Gender Equality Norms Collective Identity

Select one of the prompts listed above and write your answer here. Be sure to indicate which prompt you have chosen. 

Section 2:  Short answer response.  You will see five potential prompts in this section.  You must provide written responses to THREE OF THEM.  Be as thorough and specific in your answer as possible.  The best answers will demonstrate mastery, rather than incomplete knowledge of the content.   1.  How does territory structure global politics? Provide multiple examples to illustrate these claims.   2.  How does globalization stress domestic political orders and create pressure for domestic political change?   3.  Describe some of the core elements of the embedded liberal compromise. How has it structured relations between and within states?   4.  How do race and racism constitute the international political order?   5.  Describe and differentiate among the most consequential classes of political organizations in the international system.

Determine the pure strategy Nash equilibria in the reduced game.

Assume there is perfect competition with a tax of $2 per unit of x. What is the deadweight loss of this tax?