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A 35-year-old male presents with knee pain and swelling after twisting his knee while playing soccer. He reports a sensation of the knee “locking” and “giving way.” Physical examination reveals joint line tenderness and a positive McMurray test.  What is the most likely diagnosis? 

A patient with an infection has elevated levels of cytokines in their blood. What is the role of these cytokines in acute inflammation? 

A patient with an allergy has elevated levels of which immunoglobulin? 

A 50-year-old male presents with numbness and tingling in his ring and little fingers. He reports that his symptoms are worse when he leans on his elbow or bends his arm for extended periods. Physical examination reveals a positive Tinel’s sign at the elbow.  What is the most likely diagnosis? 

A patient with a bacterial infection exhibits fever, redness, and swelling at the site of infection. What is the primary cause of these symptoms?

A 1-year-old girl presents with excessive bleeding after her first immunizations and frequent bruising. Laboratory tests reveal prolonged aPTT and low factor VIII levels.  What is the most likely diagnosis? 

A patient with severe burns over a large body surface area is at increased risk of infection. Which of the following best explains this increased risk?

A 55-year-old female is diagnosed with a type of cancer known for high rates of p53 mutations.  What is the role of p53 in normal cells, and how does its mutation contribute to cancer? 

A patient with recurrent bacterial infections is found to have a deficiency in complement protein C3. What is the consequence of this deficiency? 

A patient with acute inflammation shows increased fluid accumulation at the site of injury. What causes this increased fluid accumulation?