Blog

A patient with cancer is undergoing immunotherapy to enhance the activity of their T cells. How are these T cells typically activated? 

A 60-year-old male is diagnosed with lung cancer. Genetic testing reveals a mutation in the EGFR gene, a proto-oncogene, leading to its activation as an oncogene.  What is the primary effect of this mutation on the cell? 

A patient with a viral infection shows a strong Th1 response. What is the primary role of Th1 cells in this context? 

What is the primary role of chemotactic factors in acute inflammation? 

A 70-year-old female with a history of osteoporosis presents with severe hip pain after a minor fall. X-rays reveal a hip fracture.  What is the underlying condition that increased her risk of fracture? 

What type of force typically causes damage to the medial collateral ligament (MCL) of the knee? 

A 35-year-old female with a family history of breast cancer is found to have a germline mutation in the BRCA1 gene, a tumor suppressor gene.  What is the significance of this mutation for her cancer risk? 

Which of the following substances is released by activated platelets to recruit more platelets to the site of injury? 

What is the main difference between sporadic and hereditary cancers? 

A patient who recovered from a previous infection has a rapid and robust immune response upon re-exposure to the same pathogen. Which cells are responsible for this enhanced response in humoral immunity?