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What is vmlinuz?

What command produced the following output?  

All of the following are regular tasks a Linux administrator will do except:

What goes in the blanks?    (note:  it’s the same word in both blanks)   A ___________________ is a program with a unique purpose.  They are utility programs that run silently in the background to monitor and take care of certain subsystems to ensure that the operating system runs properly.  A printer ____________________ monitors and takes care of printing services, for example.

Linux was adopted as the kernel for what Operating System?

Mutual exclusion must be enforced on any modifiable memory, whether is it shared or not.

A process can transition from running to suspended ready. How does this transition differ between a single-core system and a multi-core system?

Mutual exclusion must be enforced only on memory that is both shared and modifiable.

The difference between the “waiting” state and the “sleeping” state of threads is:

If separate tasks require heavy communication between them, why use multiple threads within a process instead of multiple processes?