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When is a pharmaceutical company more likely to spend $100 million to research a new drug:  when it knows it will be able to charge different prices for the drug in different countries or when it knows that it will be required to charge the same price in all countries? Please be sure to explain your reasoning.

(1 point) If a pink hybrid is produced from a cross between one pure breeding red flower and one pure breeding white flower, a type of inheritance pattern called _____________would have been observed.

This is a multipart question based on using a chi-square analysis to test hypotheses about genetics crosses, practiced as part of the Genetics Lab. Be sure to answer all Parts A-D. Answer in the space at the bottom.   In a monohybrid cross for flower color (F1 cross: CRCW x CRCW), which displays incomplete dominance, plants bearing the following flower colors with their frequencies were observed in the F2 generation:   Red Flowers (CRCR) = 31 Pink Flowers (CRCW) = 62  White Flowers (CWCW) = 25   The research question being asked here is whether the observed frequencies above differ from expected frequencies (of course, if F1 generation alleles follow the law of segregation and pollination is random.)   (A.) (2 points) Assuming the law of segregation was followed and that pollination was random, write a null hypothesis for this experiment. In other words, fertilization causes alleles to combine in a random fashion, and a Punnett square can be used to determine expected frequencies.   (B.) (2 points) Write the alternate hypothesis for this experiment. Perform the appropriate statistical test (chi-square test) to determine which hypothesis about the frequencies should be rejected. (You may use the table below to help with your calculations. For convenience the observed frequencies have already been listed in the table. Answers will be reported in the format indicated in Part C below.)   (C.) (5 points) Report the results of the analysis in the spaces below indicating the X2-value, the number of degrees of freedom (d.f.), and if the probability (p) is , or = to 0.05. Use the critical chi-square values in the table below to determine if the probability is above or below the significance level (alpha = 0.05). Use the following format for this answer, typing the correct values or sign instead of the blanks:   “C. X2 = _______, d.f. = _____, p ____ 0.05” (D.) (1 point) Based on your chi-square test above, indicate if your null hypothesis is supported or rejected in favor of the alternate hypothesis.   Before responding to each part in the space below, write the letter of the part you are answering (e.g., A. [Answer response to the question A]). If you do not know the answer to a question, write the letter, then hit enter to move to the next line, and type the letter of the next question to answer.

This is a multipart question based on your third lab report dealing with yeast fermentation. Be sure to answer all Parts A-D. Answer in the space at the bottom.   The following table shows the experimental setup for the fermentation lab. You may also find the following information useful:   Pyruvate – a product of glycolysis; pyruvate is reduced to ethanol or lactic acid during anaerobic fermentation. Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) – provides Mg2+, a cofactor that activates some enzymes of glycolysis Sodium fluoride (NaF) – an inhibitor of some enzymes of glycolysis Glucose – a common organic molecule used as an energy source for respiration   (A.) (2 points) Which test tube(s) represent controls for this experiment?   The following graph shows the results of the fermentation experiment. (B.) (2 points) Which tube showed the greatest amount of fermentation?   (C.) (2 points) What do tubes 1 and 7 show?   (D.) (2 points) What does test tube 2 and 3 suggest about the addition of MgSO4?   Before responding to each part in the space below, write the letter of the part you are answering (e.g., A. [Answer response to the question A]). If you do not know the answer to a question, write the letter, then hit enter to move to the next line, and type the letter of the next question to answer.

This is a multipart problem. Answer each part (A-C) in the individual spaces provided.   During the lab, paper chromatography was used to separate plant pigments. The results are shown below. (A.) (2 points) Which pigment has the greatest affinity for the paper, A, B, C, or D? Type only a capital letter for the pigment in the space provided.   Answer for Part A: [BLANK-1]   (B.) (2 points) Calculate the Rf value for the pigment labeled C. Round answer to 2 decimal places.   Answer for Part B: [BLANK-2]   (C.) (2 points) If another pigment, other than the ones present in this experiment, was present and had an Rf value of 0.56, where would this pigment be located on the chromatography paper relative to the others? Type only one capital letter that identifies the specific pigments in each space.   Answers for Part C: This other pigment would be located between Pigment [BLANK-3] and Pigment [BLANK-4]. 

(2 point) Where do the light reactions of photosynthesis occur? Answer: [BLANK-1] 

(2 points) What stage of mitosis is represented in this animal cell?   Answer: [BLANK-1] 

(1 point) What stage of meiosis is represented in the diagram below?

(1 point) During spermatogenesis, how many mature sperm cells are produced from one primary spermatocyte?

(2 points) What is the expected genotypic (not phenotypic) ratio for a monohybrid cross between Bb x Bb. (Hint: Use a Punnett square to determine how many of each genotype are expected.)