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Which of the following describes normal changes in the respiratory system of the older adult?

Which one of the following mode has been used to obtain this image and measurements?

Bronchovesicular breath sounds in young children that are loud and harsh at the bases are an indication of:

A 36-year-old teacher presents to your clinic, complaining of sharp, knifelike pain on the left side of her chest for the last 2 days. Breathing and lying down make the pain worse, while sitting forward helps her pain. Tylenol and ibuprofen have not helped. Her pain does not radiate to any other area. She denies any upper respiratory or gastrointestinal symptoms. Her past medical history consists of systemic lupus. She is divorced and has one child. She denies any tobacco, alcohol, or drug use. Her mother has hypothyroidism and her father has high blood pressure. On examination you find her to be distressed, leaning over and holding her left arm and hand to her left chest. Her blood pressure is 130/70, her respirations are 12, and her pulse is 90. On auscultation her lung fields have normal breath sounds with no rhonchi, wheezes, or crackles. Percussion and palpation are unremarkable. Auscultation of the heart has an S1 and S2 with no S3 or S4. A scratching noise is heard at the lower left sternal border, coincident with systole; leaning forward relieves some of her pain. She is nontender with palpation of the chest wall.  What disorder of the chest best describes this disorder?

A 21-year-old college senior presents to your clinic, complaining of shortness of breath and a non-productive nocturnal cough. She states she used to feel this way only with extreme exercise, but lately she has felt this way continuously. She denies any other upper respiratory symptoms, chest pain, gastrointestinal symptoms, or urinary tract symptoms. Her PMH includes seasonal allergies, for which she takes a nasal steroid spray. No other medications. Her mother has allergies and eczema. She denies smoking and drug use but does drink 3-4 beers each weekend. On examination she is in no acute distress and her temperature is 98.6F. Her blood pressure is 120/80, her pulse is 80, and her respirations are 20. Her HEENT exam is essentially normal. Inspection of her A/P chest shows no abnormalities. On auscultation of her chest, there is decreased air movement and a high-pitched whistling on expiration in all lobes. Percussion reveals resonant lungs.  Which disorder of the thorax or lung does this best describe?

You are auscultating the heart of a healthy and active four year old girl and you discover the following: The murmur disappears after you have the child hold her breath.  You document this finding as:

An elderly patient with a productive cough and fever is diagnosed with pneumonia. Which is responsible for the highest mortality in patients with community-acquired pneumonia?

George comes into the urgent care clinic complaining of difficulty breathing after playing in his high school soccer game during which time the ambient air temperatures decreased to 25 degrees Fahrenheit.  You auscultate his lungs and hear the following: .  You document your respiratory findings as:

The ABCDEs of CXR interpretation include which of the following:

A 68-year-old retired truck driver comes to your office for evaluation of mild swelling in his legs. He is a smoker and has been taking medications to control his hypertension for the past 25 years. You are concerned about his risk for peripheral vascular disease. Which of the following tests are appropriate to order to initially evaluate for this condition?