A mining company proposes extracting rare minerals from a de…

A mining company proposes extracting rare minerals from a deposit near a major aquifer. The extraction process uses chemicals that scientists confirm will remain stable and harmless for at least 150 years before potentially breaking down into compounds whose effects are completely unknown—no animal studies exist, no toxicology data, nothing. The breakdown will occur around year 200-250. Company executives argue: “We have zero knowledge about what these breakdown compounds might do or whether humans will even be using this aquifer in 250 years. You can’t base policy on such uncertainty about such remote generations.”Based on our author’s analysis, which response most directly addresses the company’s position?

The chapter discusses how World War II changed demographics…

The chapter discusses how World War II changed demographics so profoundly that countless children were born who otherwise would never have been conceived. A student applies this logic: “If the United States had entered WWII one year earlier, my grandmother would likely never have met my grandfather at the veterans’ hospital where they met in 1946. So I wouldn’t exist. Does this mean the U.S. decision about when to enter the war couldn’t have harmed me?”What does this question reveal about the different-people argument?