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A neural tube defect is a congenital defect in the brain or spinal column that occurs during embryonic development. Which of the following is a neural tube defect?

The congenital absence of the all or part of the brain is:

 The patient has sustained a traumatic brain injury (TBI), and is demonstrating a sleep-wake cycle, eyes are open at times, however, awareness of environment is absent.  This patient would be classified as which of the following?

Tom Winters, age 21, sustained a traumatic brain injury, approximately 2 weeks ago.  He is on a ventilator and in a coma.  Tom will respond to noxious stimuli only.  Under the plan of care the PTA has been assigned ROM to all 4 extremities.  Other than carrying out the plan of care, how would the PTA interact with the patient? Be specific and give 3 examples.

Which of the following statements is not  true with regard to sensory deficits following a CVA?

Proper positioning depends on the patient’s resting posture, abnormal muscle tone and the presence of primitive reflexes. To decrease the influence of the tonic labyrinthine reflex which of the following positions would be most beneficial for the TBI patient during the initial phases.

Define ‘Associated Reaction’  B. Identify and define one type of an associated reaction.  

True/False Defend: The Circle of Willis is responsible for limiting the potential damage that may be caused by either a stroke and/or another type of head injury.

Patients with a diagnosis of CVA who exhibits pusher syndrome tends to perform which of the following?

The PTA has been working with a patient who has sustained a TBI.  The patient has been making steady progress, however, today patient exhibited irritability and agitation during the treatment session.   Identify 2 possible reasons for the irritability and agitation Identify 2 ways the team could assist in avoiding such episodes