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(04.03 MC)Question refers to the excerpt below.”Cotton is the fabric of civilization. It has built up peoples, and has riven them apart. It has brought to the world vast and permanent wealth. It has enlisted the vision of statesmen, the genius of inventors, the courage of pioneers, the forcefulness of manufacturers, the initiative of merchants and shipbuilders, and the patient toil of many millions. A whole library could be written on the economic aspects of cotton alone. It could be told in detail, how and why the domination of the field of its manufacture passed from India to Spain, to Holland, and finally to England, which now shares it chiefly with the United States. The interdependence of nations which it has brought about has been the subject of numerous books and articles. Nor is the history of the inventions which have made possible today’s great production of cotton fabrics less impressive. From the unnamed Hindu genius of pre-Alexandrian days, through Arkwright and Eli Whitney, down to Jacquard and Northrop, the tale of cotton manufacture is a series of romances and tragedies, any one of which would be a story worth telling in detail. Yet, here is a work that is by no means finished. Great inventors who will apply their genius to the improvement of cotton growing and manufacture are still to be born.”Source: The Fabric of Civilization, 1919The cultivation of cotton in the South during the early 1800s contributed to the

(03.06 MC)Question refers to the excerpt below.”Art. 3. Religion, morality, and knowledge, being necessary to good government and the happiness of mankind, schools and the means of education shall forever be encouraged. The utmost good faith shall always be observed towards the Indians; their lands and property shall never be taken from them without their consent; and, in their property, rights, and liberty, they shall never be invaded or disturbed, unless in just and lawful wars authorized by Congress; but laws founded in justice and humanity, shall from time to time be made for preventing wrongs being done to them, and for preserving peace and friendship with them.”Source: The Northwest Ordinance, 1787This section of the Northwest Ordinance sought to prevent conflicts with native groups brought on by

(03.03 LC)Why were many American Indians more inclined to side with the French during the Seven Years’ War than they were with the British colonists?

(05.04, 05.05 MC)Question refers to the excerpts below.”That on the first day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, all persons held as slaves within any State or designated part of a State, the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free.”Source: The Emancipation Proclamation, 1863″Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.”Source: 13th Amendment to the United States Constitution, 1865How do the two documents compare?

(04.01 MC)Question refers to the excerpt below.”The denouement has been happy: and I confess I look to this duplication of area for the extending a government so free and economical as ours, as a great achievement to the mass of happiness which is to ensue. Whether we remain in one confederacy, or form into Atlantic and Mississippi confederacies, I believe not very important to the happiness of either part. Those of the western confederacy will be as much our children and descendants as those of the eastern, and I feel myself as much identified with that country, in future time, as with this: and did I now foresee a separation at some future day, yet I should feel the duty and the desire to promote the western interests as zealously as the eastern, doing all the good for both portions of our future family which should fall within my power.”Source: Thomas Jefferson, from Letter IX.—To Doctor Priestley, January 29, 1804Jefferson’s attitude regarding expansion contradicts issues that would engulf parts of new territories as a result of

(02.05 MC)Question refers to the excerpt below.”Now it pleased God to send Mr. Whitefield into this land:…And I soon heard he was come to New York and the Jerseys and great multitudes flocking after him under great concern for their Souls and many converted which brought on my concern more and more hoping soon to see him…We wend down in the stream; I heard no man speak a word all the way three miles but every one pressing forward in great haste and when we got to the old meeting house there was a great multitude; it was said to be 3 or 4000 of people assembled together…And my hearing him preach gave me a heart wound; by God’s blessing my old foundation was broken up, and I saw that my righteousness would not save me; then I was convinced of the doctrine of Election and went right to quarreling with God about it, because all that I could do would not save me; and he had decreed from Eternity who should be saved and who not.”Source: Nathaniel Cole, from The Great Awakening Comes to Connecticut, 1740The passage describes an experience that

(03.02, 03.03, 03.04, 03.05 HC)Answer either OPTION 1 or OPTION 2.OPTION 1:Respond to parts a, b, and c. Briefly describe one way in which the Seven Years’ War affected American colonial relations with Britain. Briefly explain one difference between Parliament’s and the colonists’ views on government from the period 1754 to 1800. Briefly explain how the difference you indicated in (b) contributed to conflict between Britain and the American colonies. OROPTION 2:Respond to parts a, b, and c. Briefly describe one way in which democratic and republican ideals influenced the American colonies to declare independence from Great Britain in 1776. Briefly explain one similarity between the colonists’ complaints against Great Britain and the ideals they instituted in their new nation between 1774 and 1800. Briefly explain one difference between the colonists’ complaints against Great Britain and the ideals they instituted in their new nation between 1774 and 1800.

(02.03 MC)This question refers to the following excerpt.”[T]he Southwest’s people were not strangers to one another at all. Neither distance nor language formed a barrier against communication. People in their settled adobe villages had had centuries to build relationships and customs, of commerce, alliance, peace, and war…If anything, the Spanish invasion intensified Native connections with one another.”Source: Edward Countryman, The Pueblo Revolt, online essay for The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American HistoryWhich of the following helps explain why conflict between American Indians and colonists worsened over the 17th century?

(01.03 MC)Question refers to the excerpt below.”Almost every year, from 1581 onward, the mariners of the Netherlands strove, by east and by west, to pass the barrier that America interposed between them and the Eastern trade they coveted…They would not be hurried; they took their time to think it over, as Dutchmen will; but at length they conceived an immense project for acquiring all the trade, or the best part of it, of both the West and the East…In 1609, quite inadvertently, Henry Hudson discovered it…received a visit from some Indians with native commodities to exchange for knives and beads…They were affable, but untrustworthy, stealing what they could lay their hands on, and a few days later shooting arrows at a boatload of seamen from the ship, and killing one John Colman. Hudson went ashore, and was honored with dances and chants; upon the whole, the impression mutually created seems to have been favorable.”Source: Julian Hawthorne, from The History of the United States from 1492 to 1910, V1Which of the following is an example of how the Dutch treatment of American Indians differed from Britain’s treatment?

(04.03 LC)Where was nativist sentiment strongest, with the greatest potential for violence, in the early to mid 1800s?