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The enteric nervous system can function independently of which of the following? 

A patient with chronic liver disease shows increased hepatic vascular resistance. Which change in sinusoidal endothelial cells is most likely responsible? 

A patient with Addison’s disease has low blood pressure and high potassium levels. How does hypoaldosteronism contribute to these symptoms? 

Which of the following is NOT a common cause of chronic liver disease?

A genetic test reveals an embryo has a 46,XX chromosomal pattern. What reproductive structures will develop in this embryo? 

Untreated chronic gastritis can often lead to which of the following conditions? 

A patient with chronic liver disease has ascites and low effective blood volume.  How does the body respond to chronic effective hypovolemia?

A medical student is comparing the Starling forces in glomerular capillaries with those in peritubular capillaries. How do the Starling forces differ between these two types of capillaries? 

Which type of receptor is the insulin receptor? 

What is a common chronic complication of diabetes mellitus?