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In a free recall task, people typically remember the last few words shown to them especially well – this is the recency effect. What is the best evidence that the recency effect reflects the use of short-term memory?

Psychologists often test memory using either a recall task (e.g., writing down all the words you can remember from a studied list) or a recognition task (e.g., judging whether each word on a new list was studied earlier). Which statement best reflects the findings? Choose one answer.

In dichotic listening tasks, participants are asked to shadow words from one ear while ignoring the other. Which type of stimuli in the unattended channel is most likely noticed? Choose one answer.

A nurse is explaining to a client how the kidneys are able to conserve water during dehydration. The nurse states that urine can be concentrated because of a countercurrent gradient established in the nephron. Which structure is primarily responsible for creating this gradient

A client with a long history of smoking presents with progressive shortness of breath and a barrel-shaped chest. Diagnostic testing shows destruction of alveolar walls, resulting in a reduced surface area for gas exchange. The nurse recognizes these findings are most consistent with which respiratory disease?

A nurse is teaching a client about kidney function. Which statement by the client would indicate a need for further teaching?

A client with a bacterial infection asks the nurse how antibodies help fight off germs. The nurse explains that antibodies can attach to the pathogen and trigger another defense system that destroys it. Which immune component is activated by antibodies in this process?

A client is recovering from a bacterial infection. The nurse explains that only certain lymphocytes will become activated to fight the infection. Which statement by the nurse best describes this process?

A nurse is reviewing lab results for a client with chronic hypertension. The nurse explains that glomerular filtration rate (GFR) depends on pressure inside the glomerular capillaries. Which factor primarily regulates the GFR?

A client with long-standing uncontrolled hypertension is at risk for kidney damage. The nurse explains that the main force pushing fluid and solutes out of the blood and into the nephron at the glomerulus is: