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List and describe 3 Tier 1 interventions.

(Darch, 2 pts) Name two features of bacterial aggregates that help them to cause chronic infections

(Ho, 3 pts) What are the bioactive components of human breast milk?

(Anderson, 2pts) Regarding infective endocarditis caused by Bartonella henselae which of the following statements are true?

(Chen, 4 pts) Penicillins and beta-lactam compounds are the most widely used antibiotics and they inhibit the functions of Penicillin-Binding Proteins (PBPs) involved in bacterial cell wall synthesis. List two reasons why PBPs are a good antibiotic target.

(Ho, 3 pts) List 2 advantages and 2 challenges of culture-independent method by DNA sequencing in studying gut bacteria compared to culture-dependent technique.

(Darch, 2 pt) Name the antibiotic resistance mechanism responsible for methicillin resistance and acquired as a pathogenicity island

(Ho, 3 pt) List 3 benefits of commensal bacteria on host:

(Anderson, 2pts) Which one of the following serves as the major adhesin of Bartonella henselae that facilitates bacterial aggregation, substrate attachment that leads to biofilm formation?

(Chen, 4 pts) List three mechanisms of antibiotic resistance.