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In McColloch v. Maryland, Chief Justice John Marshall greatly expanded the powers of Congress by

Which constitutional amendment states that powers not given to the federal government were retained by the states or the people?

Alexander Hamilton published the Federalist Papers in an effort to

Given the following matrix \(A\) and its rref, find bases for \(\text{row}\left(A\right), \text{col}\left(A\right),\) and \(\text{null}\left(A\right)\). Also, state the rank and nullity of \(A\). \[A=\begin{bmatrix}2&1&-1&0&3&8&3\\3&1&-3&3&-8&19&7\\-1&1&5&-2&8&-11&-2\\-1&1&5&1&1&20&6\end{bmatrix}\] \[\text{rref}\left(A\right)=\begin{bmatrix}1&0&-2&0&1&5&1\\0&1&3&0&1&-2&1\\0&0&0&1&-4&2&1\\0&0&0&0&0&0&0\end{bmatrix}\]

States regulate interstate commerce; the national government, intrastate commerce. 

Let \(V=\mathbb{R}^{2}\) with the following operations \[\begin{align} \left(x_{1},y_{1}\right)\oplus\left(x_{2},y_{2}\right)&=\left(x_{1}+x_{2},2y_{1}+2y_{2}\right)\\k\otimes\left(x,y\right)&=\left(kx,ky\right) \end{align}\] Show that \(V\) is not a vector space by showing that its addition rule is not associative, that is, show that it fails the axiom \[\left(\overrightarrow{a}\oplus\overrightarrow{b}\right)\oplus\overrightarrow{c}=\overrightarrow{a}\oplus\left(\overrightarrow{b}\oplus\overrightarrow{c}\right)\]

Why do citizens have a civic duty to serve on juries when called upon?

What did James Madison think of interest groups, or what he called “factions” as expressed in The Federalist No. 10?

Which group can influence the meaning of the Constitution through judicial review?

In what basic way can all people influence public policy?