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This is the use of e-stim to control pain and includes conventional, low-rate, and burst modes. 

Low-rate TENS should be applied for 1-2 hours for it to be effective.

You have decided to treat your patient with acute neck pain with electrical stimulation to decrease her pain.  Which of the following would be appropriate parameters at which to set the unit?

How many electrodes are indicated for the use of interferential current?

What is the rationale for using modulations?

This form of electrical stimulation used to control pain is most effective for increasing endorphin and enkephalin levels.

You are assessing the patient’s pharynx and post-pharyngeal structures by asking them to stick out their tongue and say “Ahhh” as you look into their oral cavity. Which of the following is an abnormal assessment finding that warrants immediate follow up? 

The nurse is conducting a focused interview on a client’s integumentary status and wants to obtain data related to risk factors. The nurse would include all of the following questions while gathering this data EXCEPT?

A 14-year-old client is admitted with arterial pH 7.2, serum glucose 500 mg/dL (27.75 mmol/L), urine glucose, and ketones 4+/strong. The client has been sick with the “flu” for 1 week. What relationship do the laboratory values have to the client’s insulin deficiency?

What clinical manifestation of diabetic ketoacidosis causes loss of consciousness?