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A 30-year-old Asian woman is currently 11 weeks pregnant with her first child. During her first consultation with the midwife it is identified that the patient is usually fit and well; she has a BMI of 34kg/m2. Medication Multivitamins daily (for pregnancy) NKDA Social History Non-smoker Rarely drinks Family History Mother – type 2 diabetes mellitus (10 years) Father – Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (5 years) Sister – fit and well   What risk factors does the patient have for developing gestational diabetes? (1 mark) Outline the management options available for this patient. (4 marks)

a) Explain the pathogenesis of erectile dysfunction. (3 marks) b) Explain the mechanism of action of sildenafil and list the four most common side effects of sildenafil.  (2 marks)

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism through which ageing increases the risk of osteoporosis?

Which of the following amino acid derivatives would be most useful in treating a paracetamol overdose?

Look at the following steroid structure, with reference to the functional groups at positions 3 and 17, identify this steroid.   

Which of the following best describes the action of bisphosphonates?

Determine the volume of an object that has a mass of 455.6 g and a density of 19.3 g/cm3. 1 mL = 1 cm3

ADVANCED CONCEPTS Which blood laboratory test result indicates that the patient is maintaining overall good control of his or her diabetes?

SECTION A 

A patient who usually takes metformin has been switched to insulin following an angiogram.  Which finding indicates that it is safe for the patient to switch back to the metformin?