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In an experiment, the purpose for manipulating the independent variable is to help ____.

Preventing an extraneous variable from becoming a confounding variable by holding it constant can result in a threat to external validity.

The concept of degrees of freedom is associated with the ____.

A two-factor study compares three different treatment conditions (factor 1) for males and females (factor 2). In this study, the main effect for gender is determined by comparing the overall mean score for the males (averaged over the three treatments) and the corresponding overall mean score for the females (averaged over the three treatments).

A differential research design comes closer to being a true experiment that other similar designs.

It is possible for a distribution of scores to have more than one ____.

If individuals are pressured into participating in research because the researcher is in a position of power or authority, then which ethical principle is being compromised?

Any factor that limits the ability to generalize the results of the study is a threat to ____.

In a scatter plot, each ____.

Who is acting as a confederate?