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19.  The Boy Scouts of America recently adopted a policy allowing youth membership regardless of sexual orientation.  Assume the Boy Scouts of America decide to reverse that position and prohibit youth membership based on sexual orientation. What is the most likely outcome based on U.S. Supreme Court precedent if the Boy Scouts’ reversal is challenged in court?  

Whenever Congress considers new legislation, the accounting firms and its lawyers do all of the following except

13.  The City of Los Angeles passed a zoning ordinance that limited the sale of sexually explicit magazines to a land area equaling approximately 4% of Los Angeles.  According to the language of the ordinance, the purpose of the regulation was to “reduce crime, protect retail trade, property values, and the quality of urban life.”  Assuming a group of business owners specializing in the sale of these magazines files suit, what is the most likely decision of the court based on U.S. Supreme Court precedent?

When wealthy Americans and corporations do not pay the taxes they owe via contrived tax shelters, average Americans must make up the shortfall.  On average, working Americans pay an additional _________ in taxes that should be covered by wealthy Americans and corporations.

Teddy Roosevelt was elected Governor of New York in 1898.  As Governor, his key accomplishments included all of the following except 

29.   The State of California passes a law limiting an Independent Expenditure Committee’s ability to produce commercials in support of a political candidate to one television commercial, one radio commercial, and one newspaper advertisement per election cycle.  What is the strongest argument against the law?

11.  An office of approximately 50 Public Defenders in a relatively small county in California was highly successful at beating criminal cases at trial.  The success of the Public Defenders was often a source of angst for the County Council, which was comprised of mostly conservative members.  A supervisor in the Public Defenders Office fired one of the most skilled and successful Public Defenders because she routinely spread false rumors about other employees in the office.  According to County rules, the County must approve all firings in the Public Defenders Office.  The County Council approved the firing because of the stated reason provided by the supervisor.  Assuming the employee files suit alleging the County fired her in violation of the First Amendment rights she exercised in defense of her clients to beat the Prosecutors Office in countless trials, what is the most likely result based on U.S. Supreme Court precedent?

Essay 2The City of Los Angeles recently passed an ordinance prohibiting window tint style advertising on office buildings throughout the city. According to the press release accompanying passage of the ordinance, the city decided the ordinance was needed after conducting a ten-year traffic study in a district of the city where it had allowed such signs. The traffic study revealed that rear end collisions occurred at a 75% higher rate inside the sign district versus outside the sign district.A political candidate for Mayor who owned numerous buildings throughout the City that he routinely used for window tint style campaign advertisements filed suit against the City.The owner of several pet food stores in the City intentionally purchased the buildings where the pet food stores were housed because they were perfectly positioned for effective marketing via window tint style signs. The owner decided to spend more money to purchase buildings instead of renting retail space with the idea that she could save money on advertising by simply advertising on the exterior of her buildings. She joined the political candidates’ suit against the City.1. How is a court likely to rule regarding the political candidate’s claim?2. How is a court likely to rule regarding the pet food store owner’s claim? 

Alexander Hamilton was born in

17. California amended its election law several years ago from a blanket primary to an open primary in which anyone from any party may vote for anyone from their party or another party.  Following the primary, the two candidates receiving the most votes advance regardless of party.  Assuming California then changes its primary from an open to semi-closed primary, in which parties could allow independent voters to vote in their primaries, but not voters registered in another party, e.g., Independents could vote in a Republican or Democrat primary but a Republican could not vote in a Democrat primary and vice versa.  Assuming a challenge to the final change, what is the most likely outcome based on U.S. Supreme Court precedent if the final change is challenged in court?