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A 10-month-old boy present for complaints of “screaming episodes” for the past 24 hours. He appears well except for episodes of screaming with flexion of the hips and knees about every 25-30 minutes. The episodes last < 1 minute and he appears well again right after. He has had 2 episodes of non-bilious vomiting. Parents deny fever, blood in stool or vomit. Vital signs and hydration are normal. On exam, he has hyperactive bowel sounds in the right upper quadrant. His abdomen is not notable tender. Rectal and stool exams are negative for blood. What is the BEST next step in management?

Base pairs in DNA are held together by_________ bonds.

A 3-year-old boy is evaluated by a pediatrician for symptoms of malabsorption. Since age 5-months, he has had bulky, strong-smelling stools with painful abdominal bloating and flatulence after eating breakfast each morning. He is currently eating a normal diet but appears malnourished. On physical exam, his abdomen is distended. If you ordered an intestinal biopsy, which of the following findings would most likely be present?

E. coli bacteria normally live in the human gut and produce vitamin K that the body uses. This is best termed a/an _________ relationship.

The expression of genetic traits is referred to as the organism’s

Human pathogens fall into the group called

A primer comprised of _________ is needed at the origin of nucleotide addition.

Today is just another day in ER and you decide to say it’s a quiet day. 2 mins later the doors are flying open with patients. You are assigned a patient that is coming in for bacillary angiomatosis and do not know how to treat them appropriately. The only thing the paramedics told you was that she was found unconscious at a cat adoption. First you decided to run routine labs and a gram stain. After obtaining the results you share the results with another provider to confer about treatment plans. The results of the gram stain were inconclusive but somewhat resembled a rod-shape. The other provider you were conferring with makes a statement “ugh it’s probably the lab’s incompetent staff to get an inconclusive result”. You realize that the patient’s airway is getting more compromised. Before she needs a tracheostomy or put on a vent, you run to the lab to look at the results yourself. When arriving at the lab you noticed that the gram stain was done correctly but the monocytes on the slide look slightly abnormal. What test should run next for the suspected bacterium? 

Water aids in maintaining a state of dynamic equilibrium/stability within the body’s internal environment. This is called:

Cytopathic effects can be seen through the formation of fused multinucleated cells called