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What demyelinating central nervous system pathology can affect the vestibular pathways and eye movements and result in signs and symptoms of dizziness?

A person presents to urgent care with spontaneous onset of vertigo that began 24-hours ago and is constant. The patient has no other red flag/neurological signs beyond vertigo and nystagmus. Which of the following findings on the HINTS+ exam is concerning for CENTRAL pathology?

A patient reports brief episodes of dizziness that last for a few seconds (5-10) and occur when they get out of bed and when they stand up from a sitting position. Symptoms are described as light headed or “seeing spots”. They have a history of mild congestive heart failure and were recently increased from 40 milligrams to 80 milligrams of furosemide (Lasix) daily. Symptoms are worse after they take their morning dose of medication. What test and measure is MOST recommended based on this scenario?

Refer to Figure 11.  Imagine how the dancers moved from position #1 to position #2.    Identify ONE JOINT for the upper limbs that has moved or ‘changed’ from #1 to #2 (be specific – left vs right!): [a] What is the name for this movement? [b] What muscle is responsible for this movement? [c]   Identify ONE JOINT for the lower limbs that has moved or ‘changed’ from #1 to #2 (be specific – left vs right!): [d] What is the name for this movement? [e] What muscle is responsible for this movement? [f]

Refer to Figure 11. The dancers numbered 1 through 5 have adopted various poses.  Consider Dancer #3. Is this dancer in anatomic position? If yes, explain how you know this is anatomic position. If no, identify what joints and body parts are not in the correct position for anatomic position. 

Evaluate the expression for the given value(s).Evaluate 11t2 + 7t – 3 when t = -8.

Perform the indicated operations and simplify.(7b – 1)(7b + 1)

Simplify completely. Assume the variable represents a positive real number. ∙

Evaluate.32 – 2 ∙ 6 + 2

Simplify using rules of exponents. (3t 2)3