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Whigs were finally able to wrest control of the White House from the Jacksonian Democratic Party when William Henry Harrison defeated Martin Van Buren in [BLANK-1]. Whig victory was short-lived, as was the president. Harrison died of pneumonia just one month after taking office and was replaced by his vice president, John Tyler, who vetoed many pieces of Whig legislation and generally opposed the positions and interests of his own party.

Part 2 [8% points each = 40% total] Short Identification Questions (IDs):A short answer ID should briefly address the basic journalistic questions: who or what, when, where, and why. Each answer should be at least 4-5 sentences long. Be sure to discuss the significance. Write an answer for FIVE (5) of the following, even if you must guess somewhat (partial credit is better than none):”Advice for Politicians”Andrew Jackson’s InaugurationThe Bloomer FadElizabeth Cady Stanton”Go Down Moses”Harriet JacobsHarriet TubmanHenry ClayJames Henry HammondThe Nullification Crisis

Part 3 Essay Question [40%]:Your essay should have an introduction with a clear and specific thesis, a body with evidence, and a conclusion that reinforces your central argument. Select the option you feel the most comfortable with and answer it to the best of your ability.Choose ONE (1) of the following options: Describe the rise of partisan politics and sectionalism in the newly formed United States.  What were the major political parties of the United States from 1787 until 1820?  What were the policy goals of the parties and who were some of the major figures in these parties?  How did the election of 1800 help to establish partisanship as a potentially-beneficial, American political tradition?List and describe the presidencies of the FIRST FIVE PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES.  In brief, who were these men and what were their presidential accomplishments?  Each of these men were founding fathers of the United States.  Examine their legacies.  Which of these presidents were more successful in their non-presidential roles as founding fathers and which were more successful as presidents?  Explain your answers.Chart the causes of the War of 1812. What were Americans’ major grievances with the British Empire and who were the fiercest advocates for war? Describe the military outcome of the war. What were the decisive battles and theaters of war? How did the war conclude? What were some of the lasting legacies of the War of 1812?

[BLANK-1] of 1814 was an effort by northern Federalists to end the War of 1812 and limit the power of their political opponents. Federalists drafted legislation proposing to abolish the three-fifths rule which gave the south disproportionate representation, limiting presidents to a single term in office, and demanding a two-thirds congressional majority, rather than a simple majority, for important legislation like a declaration of war or adding a new state to the Union. Unfortunately for the Federalists, Andrew Jackson’s stunning victory at the Battle of New Orleans had increased popular support for the war and their proposals were rejected by congress. They were then, rather unfairly and without evidence, accused of trying to secede from the country. This episode signaled the rapidly declining power of the Federalists.

Key Terms:The 1763 Treaty of ParisAbigail AdamsAmerican Frontier CultureThe Battle of SaratogaThe Battle of TrentonThe Battle of YorktownThe Boston Massacre TrialThe Consumer RevolutionThe Daughters of LibertyThe Declaration of Independence Draft CommitteeThe First Continental CongressThe Franklin FlagThe Gadsden FlagGeorge WashingtonGeorge WhitefieldHoratio GatesJohn DickinsonJohn LockeJonathan EdwardsMary RowlandsonMary SillimanMercy Otis WarrenMinutemenPhyllis WheatleyPontiac’s WarSamuel AdamsThe Second Continental CongressSons of LibertyThomas HutchinsonWilliam Cooper

As migration across the Appalachian Mountains occurred in the early nineteenth century, regional patterns emerged in the newly settled lands. [BLANK-1] was settled by northerners from the Northeast who developed many thriving small-town centers. It became a new agricultural heartland aided by transportation routes, farm technologies, finance, and new market hubs. It maintained a northern cultural character and tended to prefer free labor to slave labor.

Key Terms:Andrew JacksonArtisanal LaborThe Family System of LaborThe First Bank of the United StatesThe Hartford ConventionJay’s TreatyJohn Quincy AdamsLittle TurtleMill GirlsThe National RoadPan-Indian ResistancePostwar InflationThe Quasi-WarThe Second Bank of the United StatesSlater’s MillSlave SpeculationTranscendentalismThe Virginia DynastyWage WorkersThe Yankee West

Founded in Pawtucket, Rhode Island, in 1789, [BLANK-1] was the first industrial factory in the United States and set the pattern of the Northeast dominating industrialization. It was funded by Moses Brown and William Almy, but its eponymous founder had been a young man who worked in an industrial factory in England and who snuck machinery and operational secrets to America. That founder would further innovate by building model communities near his factories which provided company-owned homes and community institutions such as churches.

After Richard Henry Lee motioned to legally separate the British American colonies from England on June 7, 1776, members voted to create [BLANK-1], led by John Adams. Other members included Roger Sherman, Robert Livingstone, Benjamin Franklin, and Thomas Jefferson. Although every member was expected to contribute, Adams was initially appointed to write the majority of the work. He instead turned over the majority of the project to Thomas Jefferson, as he believed he had a more elegant writing style.

The most controversial aspect of the proceedings of the Court of Oyer and Terminer during the Essex County Witch Scare was the decision to allow the use of [BLANK-1] and their claim that Satan could not imitate the appearance of an innocent person. The examiners used Richard Bernard’s A Guide to Grand Jury-Men (1627) to inform their proceedings, but ignored Bernard’s specific warning not to use this type of testimony or proof, “the Devil can lye more often…than speake truth.” The tormented accusers described seeing and speaking with accused witches even when their physical bodies were many miles away or even in prison. The witches’ projections could hurt the accusers and often made confessions to them in private (though the actual accused witch denied those confessions in court). Examiners put a great deal of emphasis on the accusers’ reactions during the trials, noting that they would fall into hysterics and pain when an accused witch looked at them or denied the charges but becoming silent and calm when a witch confessed. They employed the touch test (by which the accused witch would touch the tormented accuser during a fit – if the fit stopped immediately after the accused touch, then that was considered proof of guilt). Following the sensational examinations of Abigail Hobbs and George Burroughs in April, 1692, the court began to rely almost exclusively on these types of testimony and tests to verify the guilt of the accused. By September, public opinion began to turn sharply against the use of these kinds of tests and burdens of proof as local religious leaders Increase Mather and Cotton Mather made the claim that the Devil could take the shape of innocent persons. By January of 1693, the court fully abandoned these tests and adopted a more rigorous burden for truth. Governor William Phips conceded “we were convinced and acknowledged that their former proceedings were too violent and not grounded upon a right foundation…the new trials have adopted another method.” From that point forward, none of the accused witches were executed.