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In order to have a small laser spot on the moon, one needs to make the laser beam as thin as possible when launching the laser towards the moon.

A light going through an optical waveguide can be viewed as that field patterns are formed across the waveguide due to standing waves and the field patterns propagate alone the waveguide.

A laser beam may pass through an optical waveguide at any incident angles as long as the incident angle is smaller than the maximum acceptance angle.

An optical cavity is needed for a laser system to make the stimulated emission rate higher than the spontaneous emission rate.

A laser may have different transvers modes.

33.  Ivan Pavlov is most closely associated with ______.

15.  Sensation is ______.

17.  For humans, the ability to ______ is probably the most important sense.

23.  Our awareness of various mental processes such as making decisions, daydreaming, reflecting, and concentrating is called ______.

25.  A biological cycle, or rhythm, that is approximately 24 hours long is a(n) ______ cycle.