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Which of the following is TRUE about the direct pathway of the basal ganglia?

You are working with a client who had a left middle cerebral artery cerebral vascular accident (CVA). During your initial evaluation, they ask you, “Now that my brain has damage, will I ever get those parts back?”. You explain to your client that undamaged brain areas that know how to handle the same functions as the damaged areas can take over those functions. Which neurorehabilitation principle did you describe?

You worked as a server during your undergraduate education. You still remember the names of people you worked with, the best-selling specials, the good tippers (and the bad…), the time you dropped an entire tray of glasses that shattered on the floor, and more. What brain area helps you recall these past experiences?

The substantia nigra pars compacta provides what type of input to which structure?

An older adult with spinal stenosis at the C6 level presents with neck pain, weakness and fine motor difficulties in both upper extremities. She states that symptoms interfere with their ability to wash her face, apply makeup, and style her hair. Imaging reveals a small lesion in the spinal cord. Which spinal tracts are most likely affected? Left: corticospinal tract; Middle: dorsal columns medial lemniscus (DCML); Right: spinothalamic tract. 

Emily, a 30-year-old woman, was involved in a car accident and sustained a cervical spinal cord injury. She reports she cannot move her legs or feel hot/cold sensations below the injury, but she can detect the position of her limbs. Which spinal cord syndrome is most consistent with this presentation?

Your client has been diagnosed with Brown-Séquard Syndrome resulting from a spinal cord lesion on the right side of their body. Which of the following deficits would they be expected to experience on their left side below the injury?

Your client recently fell and presents with gradual onset of headache and confusion over the past 24–48 hours. Imaging reveals bleeding beneath the outermost meningeal layer. How would this type of hemorrhage be classified?

Which of the following does NOT travel through the carpal tunnel?

NOTICE: This case will be used for the following 3 questions of your exam. Make sure to answer every fill in the blank Mrs. White is a 55 year-old woman is 6-months post right total knee arthroplasty (TKA). She was discharged from home health physical therapy services 5 months ago. Her normal bed time routine always begins with a hot bath. Mrs. White currently depends on her upper body strength to lower herself into the tub because her right lower extremity is still weak. In order to lower herself into the tub, she stands with both feet firmly planted in the tub. Mrs. White flexes her hips and places her hands on both sides of the tub. She uses her arms to lower herself down into the tub (Phase I). When she is done with her hot bath, she pushes up with both hands on the side of the tub to return to standing (Phase II).   During phase I of lowering into the tub:    A) What type of contraction, if any, is occurring in the elbow flexors? __________________ B) What type of contraction, if any, is occurring in the elbow extensors? _______________