[BLANK-1] was the most serious foreign policy disaster of Ji…

[BLANK-1] was the most serious foreign policy disaster of Jimmy Carter’s presidency. This lasted for 444 days after the deposition of Shah Reza Pahlavi by the forces of Ayatollah Khomeini. Carter’s inability to resolve the issue tanked his popularity and contributed to Ronald Reagan’s landslide victory in 1980. It would later be revealed that the Reagan campaign had worked with a hostile foreign government to prevent a resolution to the predicament until after the election, so he could deny Carter of the successful resolution and claim it for himself.

During the Gilded Age, patronage was a huge part of each pre…

During the Gilded Age, patronage was a huge part of each presidential administration and each president was beset with thousands of office seekers, many of which would grow embittered if they were denied a lucrative office. This was the case for James Garfield. A few months into his presidency, on July 2, 1881, he was shot twice by a mentally disturbed man he had denied a federal office named [BLANK-1]. The wounds (one in the arm and the other in the back) initially did not appear to be very serious; however, Garfield’s doctors were unable to find the bullet in his back and their unsanitary probing efforts likely caused a series of infections that worsened Garfield’s health. 80 days after being shot, he died from an infection relating to the gunshot wounds.

Gilded Age President Grover Cleveland did not believe in fed…

Gilded Age President Grover Cleveland did not believe in federal aid for the welfare of the American citizens. With his [BLANK-1] in 1886 he claimed that “though the people support the government; the government should not support the people.” He would further elaborate that “federal aid in such cases encourages the expectation of paternal care on the part of the government, and weakens the sturdiness of our national character, while it prevents the indulgence among our people of that kindly sentiment and conduct which strengthens the bonds of a common brotherhood.”

Part of “America’s Finest Hour,” [BLANK-1] provided $12 bill…

Part of “America’s Finest Hour,” [BLANK-1] provided $12 billion in aid to Europe and helped rebuild the continent (including Germany and Italy) following World War II. It was a brilliant piece of foreign policy, as it helped avoid the economic pitfall that developed in the aftermath of the previous world war while increasing American goodwill abroad. America’s foes during WWII (like Germany) quickly developed into American allies as a result of the program. Alarmed by the positive reception the United States was receiving in Europe, the Soviet Union attempted to undermine this policy with the Berlin Blockade.

In the agrarian south during Reconstruction, [BLANK-1] repla…

In the agrarian south during Reconstruction, [BLANK-1] replaced slavery as one of the dominant forms of labor. African Americans initially favored this form of labor, as it awarded them some degree of autonomy from white overseers; however, over time, the system could lead to spiraling debt and frequently turned out to be a repressive form of labor.

A Scottish immigrant to America and steel magnate, [BLANK-1]…

A Scottish immigrant to America and steel magnate, [BLANK-1] was one of America’s wealthiest men and exemplified the complexities of America’s Gilded-Age millionaires (were they robber barons or captains of industry?). The man gained a fortune through owning a monopoly of steel firms and by employing vertical integration tactics. On the one hand, he was a great philanthropist. He wrote The Gospel of Wealth and donated much of his vast fortune to charity. On the other hand, he was a brutal employer who worked his employees 364 days a year and used Pinkerton Agents to break up unions and bust strikes.