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The two modern methods of mapping the seafloor are echo sounding (sonar) and satellite altimetry.  Explain how each method works (approximately 3 sentences each).  For each one, be sure to include (1) what is measured (2) how these measurements are converted to water depth.

Ocean in the climate system: Why is the ocean a dominant factor in the Earth’s climate system?  Give 4 global-scale reasons and for each one explain how the ocean affects climate. 

Ice age sea level change:  Recall that sea level is where the top surface of the ocean meets the land.  It is affected by the height of the ocean and by the height of the land.  Either one can move up or down. a) During glacial periods:  Give 2 reasons why global sea level (eustatic sea level) is lower. b) During glacial periods:  What causes sea level to change by different amounts (tens to hundreds of meters) in some regions compared with others? c) During the present-day interglacial period:  Since the town of Juneau, Alaska was established, sea level there has been falling even as global sea level has been rising.  This has exposed more land.  What glacial phenomenon would explain this?

Why are you taking this class as an online class instead of in person?

This is a face to face course and all exams and quizzes are done in class

Male orangutans are considerably larger than female orangutans. This is an example of:

The process of converting short-term to long-term memory is called:

Which of the following is likely responsible for about 80% of the calories we burn each day, but declines rapidly when we lose weight, making it difficult to keep a person from gaining back the weight?

A rat is in an enclosure with many rooms. When it goes into the room that has black and white stripes on the walls, it gets a mild but unpleasant shock. It learns not to go into that room. This is a form of contextual fear conditioning, and the ____________ is primarily responsible for this association.

“Neurons that fire together wire together” is known as: