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A 30-year old woman presents with a fever, nausea, and flank pain. A random midstream clean catch specimen shows the following: Physical Exam  Chemical Exam Microscopic Exam Color: yellow SG: 1.015 0-2 RBC/hpf Clarity: cloudy pH: 7.5 25-50 WBC/hpf Leukocyte est,: pos 0-2 hyaline casts/lpf Blood: trace pos, speckled 2-5 WBC casts/lpf Nitrites: pos few squamous/lpf Bili: neg 0-2 transitional/hpf Protein: pos 3+ bacteria/hpf Ketones: neg 2-5 calcium oxalate/hpf Glucose: neg Ascorbic Acid: neg A. Based on the above symptoms and urinalysis, what condition do you think is the most likely causing this woman’s symptoms? Be as specific as possible for full credit. B. List two findings (one in the chemical exam and one in the microscopic exam) that supports this specific differential diagnosis

A patient with lupus erythematosus comes to the doctor after noticing a red tint to her urine at times. Her blood pressure is elevated and she has the following urinalysis results : Physical: Red and Slightly Cloudy Dipstick: SG 1.020, 2+ protein, 3+ blood, trace LE (all others neg/norm) Microscopic: 2-5 WBCs/HPF,  25-50 RBCs/HPF,  2-5 Hyaline Casts/LPF, 2-5 RBC Casts/LPF, 0-2 Granular Casts/LPF A. Is this condition acute or chronic? B. What part of the nephron (or what category of renal disease) do you believe is being affected in this patient? C. List two pieces of information (from patient info or UA results) that supports your specific answer for B. D. List an additional non-urinalysis test that you would recommend to help further this diagnosis and renal evaluation? 

Water passes by osmosis throughout the nephron EXCEPT in the:

Which of the following components are present in serum but NOT present in the filtrate created after passing through the glomerulus (in normal, healthy patient)?

The urinary cast that can be found in very high numbers in healthy patients following strenuous exercise is:

A patient with diabetes mellitus has a urine glucose level of 1000 mg/dL and a specific gravity of 1.022 on a refractometer. What should the reported specific gravity be for this patient?

How can urinalysis results best differentiate between nephritic and nephrotic syndromes? Be sure discuss key findings of each.

What are the two main purposes of a midstream clean catch?

Match each major renal function with the part of the nephron most responsible for it. Use each answer only once.

EXTRA CREDIT: Explain the difference between cystinuria and cystinosis: