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A patient was admitted with an infection that had to be treated with an aminoglycoside antibiotic. After a few days, the patient developed oliguria and elevated blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels. The patient’s vital signs are stable. The nurse would anticipate the physician ordering which method of dialysis? 

The patient with CKD is receiving dialysis, and the nurse observes excoriations on the patient’s skin. What pathophysiology changes in CKD can contribute to this finding (Select all that apply).

Which set of characteristics describe Pneumocystis jiroveci infection, an opportunistic disease associated with HIV? 

Brief Patient History: Mr. X is a 64-year-old male admitted to the unit with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and required an emergent left (L)- sided heart catheterization/percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Past history includes diabetes mellitus type 2, heart failure, hypertension, and osteoarthritis. Home medications include furosemide (Lasix), digoxin (Lanoxin), captopril (Capoten), carvedilol (Coreg), Byetta (exenatide), Glucophage (metformin), and Motrin (ibuprofen). Clinical Assessment: Twenty-four hours after admission to the unit, Mr. X is alert, oriented to person, place, and time; and pain free. His only complaint is shortness of breath and swelling in his ankles, feet, and hands. Physical assessment reveals bilateral breath sounds with basilar crackles; catheter on right femoral site, dressing is clean, dry, and intact; peripheral pulses 2+ bilaterally; and 2+ edema noted in lower extremities.  IV fluids have been discontinued and saline lock is in place. Preparation are being made to transfer Mr. X to the telemetry unit. Question: What are the potential risk factors that can alter this patient’s outcomes, specific to kidney function? (Select all answers that apply).

The patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is brought to the emergency department with hyperventilation.  The nurse demonstrates an understanding of CKD by identifying the cause of the alteration in ventilation as which of the following? 

What finding supports the diagnosis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the individual with HIV? 

What causes the presence of myoglobin in urine? (Select all that apply.)

To prevent the most common, serious, complication of peritoneal dialysis, what is important for the nurse to do? 

A patient diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) tells the nurse, “I am obsessed with frequent thoughts about my death.” Which response by the nurse is appropriate?

A patient has developed acute kidney injury (AKI) secondary to hemorrhagic shock. Which intravenous solution would the nurse expect to be ordered for this patient?