The following is an excerpt from a recent scientific publica…

The following is an excerpt from a recent scientific publication:“A protein can be identified based on each level of its structure…. The primary structure… linear chain… The quaternary structure… is formed through side‑chain interactions between 2 or more polypeptides.” What distinguishes quaternary from tertiary structure?

The following is an excerpt from a recent scientific publica…

The following is an excerpt from a recent scientific publication:“Covalent molecular docking has been recently implemented in the computer‑aided drug design workflows to describe covalent interactions between inhibitors and biological targets. … these types of inhibitors derive their activity from both non‑covalent interactions and the formation of the covalent bond between the inhibitor and the target protein … covalent docking programs … integrate conventional non‑covalent docking and scoring schemes by modeling the newly formed covalent bond and the interactions occurring at the reaction site.” What key feature distinguishes covalent docking workflows compared to standard noncovalent docking?