In an experiment examining the effects of background noise o…

In an experiment examining the effects of background noise on people’s ability to understand a verbal message, one group of participants is given a comprehension quiz after listening to a passage being read to them with no background noise. A week later, the same group of participants is given a comprehension quiz after listening to a passage being read to them with 60 decibels of conversation as background noise. This is an example of a ____ design.

Last fall, a state college introduced a one-week study skill…

Last fall, a state college introduced a one-week study skills course for new freshmen students. At the end of the academic year, the college compared the grades and dropout rate for their freshmen with the corresponding measurements for freshmen at a neighboring state college. This study is an example of a ____.