Xander decided to learn how to wrestle. On his first day of…

Xander decided to learn how to wrestle. On his first day of practice, a seasoned wrestler slammed the back of Xander’s head to the mat. He was shaken and reported to the trainer that he “saw stars” after he hit his head. It is likely that Xander’s __________ was temporarily affected as a result of the slam and caused him to “see stars.”

On a popular podcast, an actor describes the symptoms of anx…

On a popular podcast, an actor describes the symptoms of anxiety he has been experiencing. He reports that the severity of the symptoms has decreased since he has been taking a drug prescribed by his therapist back in Hollywood. You conclude that the actor’s therapist is probably a __________.

Two groups of graduate students were given rats and instruct…

Two groups of graduate students were given rats and instructed to teach the rats how to run mazes. Group 1 was told that they had “very smart” rats that should learn quickly. Group 2 was told that they had “very stupid” rats that should learn slowly. In actuality, neither group was any different, and the rats were randomly assigned. In spite of that, when the experiment concluded, the rats taught by Group 1 had learned the maze much more quickly. How can that be explained?