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Define sentence enhancements? Should be short, concise, and to the point answer.

You are asked to evaluate a 76-year-old male patient who presents complaining of urinary incontinence.  The patient states that he is experiencing urinary frequency, nocturia, decreased force of the urinary stream, and urinary dribbling after voiding.  A post-void residual (PVR) determination reveals that approximately 240cc of urine remains in the bladder after voiding.  Based on this information, which of the following conditions is the most likely underlying cause for this patient’s symptoms?

While working on a short-term rehabilitation unit, you are asked to evaluate an 82-year-old female who was recently hospitalized for pneumonia.  PMH is significant for HTN, Type II DM, coronary artery disease, and heart failure.  The patient is admitted to the rehabilitation unit with evidence of functional decline, weight loss, difficulty swallowing, and depression.  Recent mini nutritional assessment (MNA) score is consistent with malnourishment.  Which of the following antidepressant medications has proven effective in treating geriatric depression accompanied by weight loss and would be reasonable to initiate in this patient?

Patient is an 84-year-old female who presents with a three-week history of memory disturbances. She has a history of HTN and hydrochlorothiazide was recently prescribed.  Otherwise, she is healthy and does not take any other medications. She also reports no nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea, and the rest of her review of symptoms is negative.  HR: 100/min; BP (supine): 110/70;  BP (standing) decreases to 90/60; RR: 12/min The physical examination reveals an elderly female in no acute distress. She is fully alert and oriented. The patient has dry mucous membranes and poor skin turgor.  The rest of her examination is unremarkable.  Lab data reveal Na 125 mEq/L (↓), K of 3.4 mEq/L (↓),  serum osmolality of 270 mOsm/kg (↓), urine Na 23 mEq/L (↑), BUN 48 mg/dL (↑), and creatinine 1.2mg/dL (BUN/cr ratio = 40).  Which of the following conditions is the most likely cause of the hyponatremia?

An 82-year-old woman with PMH of dementia, currently residing in a skilled nursing facility, presents for evaluation of recent-onset fatigue, loss of interest in daily activities, lack of motivation, worsening short-term memory loss, and crying episodes, which have been noted over the past month.  The nursing home staff have documented that the patient has also recently stopped wanting to eat, and has even been found trying to leave the dining room early and return to her room during meal times.  When questioned by the staff, she indicates that she finished eating, but she clearly has eaten very little.  The nursing home staff is not aware of any recent significant psychosocial stressors that could be contributing to these symptoms.  Based on this information, which of the following conditions is the most likely diagnosis for this patient?

A Medical Order for Life Sustaining Treatment (MOLST) form is intended to convey the patient’s wishes regarding cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and other life-sustaining treatment in which of the following situations?

A 76-year-old female present for evaluation of excessive fatigue during the day, and the need for frequent afternoon naps.  She has a long history of insomnia symptoms and admits to taking “sleeping medicine” for fifty years.  Her daytime fatigue is a new symptom.  An age-related increase in which of the following parameters may account for a prolongation in the metabolism of the sleep medication prescribed for this patient?

An 80-year-old male is a current patient of yours and comes to the clinic for evaluation of depressed mood, insomnia, and difficulty dealing with the loss of his daughter who died of cancer. You already have him on antidepressant medication and now you want to consider an adjunct treatment that will address this patient’s specific situation. Which of the following interventions would be most appropriate for this patient?

A 74-year-old male presents to your clinic with complaints of seeing “wavy lines” in the visual field of his left eye. He is not sure when it started but does believe it has gotten progressively worse. He denies pain, photophobia, or other ocular symptoms. His PMH is significant for Type II Diabetes and HTN. His current medications include metformin and lisinopril. On examination, his visual acuity is 20/400 in the left eye and 20/70 in the right eye. His pupils are 2 mm bilaterally and equally reactive to light with accommodation. There are no extraocular motor deficits. A fundoscopic exam of his left eye is shown (see image below). What is the best next step in management of this patient?            

Full thickness tissue loss; subcutaneous fat may be visible but bone, tendon or muscle are not exposed describes what stage of a pressure ulcer?