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For each statement, indicate whether it must be true for the female orgasm to be an adaptation. (In other words, false = not required for female orgasm to be an adaptation.) 1) The ability to have an orgasm must be heritable. [1] 2) Female orgasm must lead to a decrease in reproductive success. [2] 3) There must be variation in orgasm ability in the human population. [3] 4) The female orgasm must have evolved through intrasexual selection. [4]

Which flower species is most closely related to Rose?

Which mechanism of evolution occurs when some individuals leave a population to join a different population?

For each, determine if it describes mitosis, meiosis, or both. Look at the options carefully because Canvas will change the order. Results in daughter cells that are genetically unique [answer1] DNA is replicated once before division [answer2] Daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes as the original cell [answer3]

The graphs below are from a study about bluethroat birds. The researchers compared immune system health (A) and genetic variation (B) in offspring produced by extra-pair (EP) copulations and offspring produced by within-pair (WP) copulations. Imagine that a biologist expresses this opinion: “A consequence of genetic monogamy in birds is that offspring fitness is higher because there is greater parental care. That’s why the mating system of bluethroats is genetic monogamy.” Using the data in the graphs, select the most accurate response to this biologist.

Researchers studied gender dysphoria in monozygotic and dizygotic twins. In this study, all pairs of twins had at least 1 twin with gender dysphoria. Researchers then asked if the other twin also had gender dysphoria.  Assigned sex at birth Twin group # concordant/total # pairs % P value Females Monozygotic 3/8 37.5%   Not done Dizygotic 0/5 0% Males Monozygotic 6/15 40%   Not done Dizygotic 0/16 0% Combined Monozygotic 9/23 39.1%   p = 0.005 Dizygotic 0/21 0% Indicate whether each statement about the table is correct or incorrect: Because monozygotic twins are more likely to both have gender dysphoria it suggests a genetic contribution to gender dysphoria: [1] Because monozygotic twins are not 100% concordant it suggests an environmental contribution to gender dysphoria: [2] Twins assigned male at birth are significantly more likely to be concordant than twins assigned female at birth: [3]

Which mating system would be favored in an environment where offspring require high parental care, resources are spread out, and female fertility is hidden?

What is a function of the structure indicated by the “?” in the picture above?

Prior to examining the figure below, we established that female peahens preferentially mated with males that had larger tails (more eye spots/greater area of eye spots). The graph below shows the results of an experiment that tested the relationship between males’ eye spot area and the health of offspring (“introduced chicks”). (Note that the offspring eggs were incubated in a laboratory away from their parents.) Which hypothesis do these data support?

By typing my name below, I acknowledge that this exam is a measure of my individual learning.  I am stating that I will not give nor receive answers from other students (this includes looking at another student’s screen, or allowing another student to look at my screen). I am stating that I am in our classroom or at an approved proctoring location.