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A patient was referred to physical therapy due to functional decline following a recent bout of pneumonia. The patient has a history of a cerebrovascular accident that occurred 3 years ago and has mild hemiplegia and mild spasticity of the left upper and lower extremity. Following 8 weeks of therapy, the patient has met their goals for improvement in transfers and ambulation with use of a front-wheeled walker, Modified independent level, which is their prior baseline level. The physical therapist has provided them with a home program that they can complete independently but notes that they have some difficulty completing the lower extremity flexibility exercises. This difficulty could be alleviated with a caregiver’s assistance, but the patient lives alone and does not have a caregiver available.   What is the most appropriate action for the physical therapist to take?

Amanda Bean was arrested for theft from a local store. She was taken to the police station for booking and processing into the jail pending a bail hearing. Officer Frericks is the processing officer at the jail. He is nearing retirement and no longer goes on street patrol. His sole job is to take fingerprints and booking photographs. Officer Frericks brought Amanda into the processing room to take her fingerprints and her booking photograph. As he was taking her fingerprints he asked Amanda what she had done to get arrested. Amanda told him that she had stolen clothing from the store. At trial, Amanda’s statement should be:

Police Officer Stano was on patrol one sunny afternoon and observed Wiley Durant, a dark-skinned man of Polynesian descent, standing against a stop sign on a public street. Having nothing else to do, Stano decided to hassle Durant, who Stano knew was involved in the distribution of methamphetamine. The following discussion occurred between the two:             Stano: “What are you doing out here-don’t you have anything better to do than hang out?”             Durant: “It’s none of your business, officer. I’m not doing anything unlawful.”             Stano: “What’s in that gym bag by your feet? Is it your bag?” Durant said nothing in reply and Stano reached down toward the bag, prompting Durant to reach toward the bag, which Stano deflected. Upon feeling the the bag, Stano immediately discerned an aluminum foil-wrapped, brick-like package, which he knew based on his training and experience usually contained methamphetamine. Stano then placed Durant under arrest for drug possession. A motion to suppress under the Fourth Amendment is filed at Durant’s trial. The court should:

A physical therapist is working with a 72-year-old person that had a severe cerebrovascular accident 3 years ago. The patient’s spouse reports that it is becoming more difficult to care for the person at home because of their own physical limitations and declining health. They have Medicare A/B insurance and have very limited income and assets. What is the most appropriate course of action for the physical therapist to take?

Which of the following people could serve as a qualified witness to complete a Power of Attorney for Health Care document?

A person presents to physical therapy for evaluation after sustaining a mild stroke of the right middle cerebral artery. Their spouse is present for the session and insists that they must sign all paperwork because they are the health care agent. The physical therapist checks the medical record and does not see any paperwork on file for a completed power of attorney for health care or an incapacitation form? What is the best action to take this visit?

A physical therapist in a hospital is scheduled to treat a 70-year-old male that was admitted for COPD exacerbation and placed on 4 L/min of oxygen. At evaluation yesterday afternoon, the patient was alert and oriented, could follow directions, and required contact guard assistance during mobility within the room. This morning, the patient has been assigned a 1:1 patient sitter and bed/chair alarms applied for safety due to progressive disorientation, agitation, and hallucinations that developed overnight. The nurse notes that the patient was started on antibiotics this morning for suspected pneumonia. What is the most likely cause of the patient’s change in cognitive status?

A physical therapist in a hospital is scheduled to treat a 70-year-old male that was admitted for COPD exacerbation and placed on 4 L/min of oxygen. At evaluation yesterday afternoon, the patient was alert and oriented, could follow directions, and required contact guard assistance during mobility within the room. This morning, the patient has been assigned a 1:1 patient sitter and bed/chair alarms applied for safety due to progressive disorientation, agitation, and hallucinations that developed overnight. The nurse notes that the patient was started on antibiotics this morning for suspected pneumonia. What is the most likely cause of the patient’s change in cognitive status?

A patient was referred to physical therapy due to recent changes in gait and falls. Based on the history and examination, the physical therapist suspects that the patient may have normal pressure hydrocephalus. What is the characteristic triad of symptoms that is associated with this condition?

A physical therapist is working with a patient with dementia at an assisted living facility who has been having increased falls and has become much more sedentary. The patient no longer wants to go to the dining room for meals or go to group exercise class with the activity director because they don’t like to exercise. The therapist learns that the patient used to enjoy gardening and likes to work on puzzles. There are lots of potted plants around the facility (both indoors and outdoors) and there are puzzles available in the common area of the facility. Describe how you could incorporate Montessori-based programming into an intervention to improve the patient’s willingness to work on walking endurance, balance, and/or general activity tolerance. (I.e., Choose a “PT” task and add in a motivating activity based on Montessori principles).