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A 68 y/o, 50 Kg female patient is on mechanical ventilation due to respiratory failure secondary to sepsis and pneumonia. Current ventilator settings and blood gases are available: Mode – A/C                 PIP –       40 cm H2O            pH –  7.28Set rate – 12                Plat – 34 cm H2O                 PaCO2 – 65 torrSet VT – 400 ml                                                         PaO2 – 58 torrPEEP – 0 cm H2O        PETCO2 – 60 torr               HCO3 – 26 mEq/LFIO2 – 0.80                                                                BE/BD – (+2)Flow (PIF) – 40 L/min                                                SaO2 – 90% CBC – WBC 18,000 , Hb 12 g/dl, Hct 38%, Plt 165             Vitals – HR 105, bpm 105/70 mmHg, SpO2 89%, SV 40 ml/beatWhat is the patient’s minute ventilation (VE)?

If a patient has trouble forming surfactant in her lungs, alveoli may collapse due to an increase in:

A female patient is 5 feet 6 inches tall. What is her ideal body weight in kg?

Based on question #90, what is the anatomical deadspace?

During mechanical ventilation, these parameters are observed.PIP = 30 cm cm H2OPlateau pressure = 20 cm H2OPIF = 20 L/minWhat is the patient’s airway resistance (RAW) ?

Which of the following factors affects Raw?1. Pattern of gas flow (e.g., laminar vs. turbulent)2.  Variations in lung compliance 3. Diameter and length of the airways4. Characteristics of the gas being breathed

If a given mass of a gas is maintained at a constant temperature, what will decreasing its pressure do based on Boyle’s Law?

Which of the following is a cause of deadspace ventilation?

A patient is complaining of dryness of his nares while recieving oxygen via nasal cannula. What can help remedy this?

According to Poiseuille’s law, which of the following statements is true if we wish to maintain a constant flow of gases?