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Part 1: Multiple Choice & Mixed Format

SA3b. (8 pts) Assembling Biomolecules RNA is composed of [nucleicacidmonomer] monomers connected by [nucleicacidbond] bonds. Proteins are composed of [proteinmonomer] monomers connected by [proteinbond] bonds. Polysaccharides are composed of [polysaccharidemonomer] monomers connected by [polysacaccharidebond] bonds. Triglyerides are composed of  [triglyceridecomponents] connected via a [triglyceridereaction] reactions.

Penguins and dolphins both have flippers that they use for swimming in the ocean.  The most recent common ancestor they share had legs and not flippers. This is an example of what type of evidence for evolution?

1C. Is this population of fruit flies evolving?

SA1e. (1 pt) Categorize the following statement as being science or non-science: “Tranquilizing/tagging wolves is immoral as it interferes with their nature life cycle.”

Animal cells have diverse types of cytoskeleton including all of the following EXCEPT

SA1a. (4 pts) Propose a plausible/reasonable hypothesis for why dogs/wolves would roll in stinky things:

What is the appropriate order of the stages of investigating whether maple trees drop their leaves in the autumn because of colder days?    (1) Maple trees are grown in two greenhouses where the only variable is temperature (15°C vs. 10°C).  (2) The hypothesis is rejected.  (3) There is no statistical difference in the number of leaves dropped at 10°C as compared to 15°C.  (4) The observation is that maple trees drop their leaves in autumn.  (5) The hypothesis is that maple trees drop their leaves because of colder temperatures.

Researchers move a set of salamanders to a larger island with shrubs. They intentionally choose salamanders with three body sizes to move: small, medium, and large.  They wanted to understand the strength of natural selection acting on body size. Use the table below to calculate the selection coefficient for the large phenotype. Phenotype: Large Medium Small Chance of survival to mating: 25% 50% 10% Number of offspring if survive: 10 20 10 Fitness (average for an individual with that phenotype): 0.25 x 10 = 2.5 0.5 x 20 =10 0.1 x 10 = 1 Relative fitness: ? ? ? Selection coefficient: ? ? ?

Short Answer D.  (4 pts) In addition to summarizing the laws of segregation and independent assortment, we also looked how phases of meiosis can explain why these laws occur.  What phase(s) of meiosis are responsible for these laws and explain how what is happening mechanistically in that stage is the basis for each law?