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(02.02 HC) Scientists have found that Mars has water ice at its poles, even though volcanic activity has never been observed on Mars. Would this prevent the inside-out model from becoming a theory? (3 points)

(03.01 MC) Loggerhead turtles need an incubation temperature between about 28 and 32 degrees Celsius. When temperatures are higher, more female turtles are produced. When temperatures are lower, more males are produced. When the temperatures exceed this range, the offspring don’t develop and die. Scientists have observed that, in Florida, 90 percent of the turtles born are females. If global climate change continues, what is the best prediction that can be made based on these observations? (3 points)

(02.01 MC) The existence of Pangea is supported by evidence that similar fossils appear on different continents. How does this observation support the existence of Pangea? (3 points)

(02.05 HC) Lionfish are a predatory fish that are commonly kept in home aquaria. However, when people are no longer able to care for these fish, they often release them into the ocean. This introduces a non-native species into an area where it should not be. Explain how a lionfish population could become quickly established in a new habitat, and how additional predation and competition from lionfish may negatively affect the biodiversity of that habitat. (5 points)

(01.03 MC) During coastal upwelling, nutrient-rich water rises from the ocean floor to the surface to replace water that has been blown away or moved by currents. How would this most likely change the abiotic components of the ecosystem near the surface where the upwelling is taking place? (3 points)

(01.04 LC) What property of water allows large bodies of liquid water to exist on Earth? (3 points)

(01.04 MC) Much of life on Earth is based in aquatic biomes. What property of water allows life to survive in liquid water? (3 points)

(02.01 LC) Which best describes subduction? (3 points)

(02.06 LC) Which of the following best defines the water cycle, also known as the hydrological cycle? (3 points)

(01.03 LC) During which phase of the moon do spring tides typically occur? (3 points)