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…. They form great improvements upon the old constitution. So, taking the whole new…. Another feature to which I will allude is that the new constitution provides that cabinet ministers and heads of departments may have the privilege of seats upon the floor of the Senate and House of Representatives and may have the right to participate in the debates and discussions upon the various subjects of administration. Another change in the constitution relates to the length of the tenure of the presidential office. In the new constitution it is six constitution, I have no hesitancy in giving it as my judgment that it is decidedly better than the old.  Allow me briefly to allude to some of these improvements…. We allow the imposition of no duty with a view of giving advantage to one class of persons, in any trade or business, over those of another. All, under our system, stand upon the same broad principles of perfect equality. Honest labor and enterprise are left free and unrestricted in whatever pursuit they may be engaged. This old thorn of the tariff, which was the cause of so much irritation in the old body politic, is removed forever from the new.  Again, the subject of internal improvements, under the power of Congress to regulate commerce, is put at rest under our system. The power, claimed by construction under the old constitution, was at least a doubtful one; it rested solely upon construction. We of the South, generally apart from considerations of constitutional  principles, opposed its exercise upon grounds of its inexpediency and injustice. Notwithstanding this opposition, millions of money, from the common treasury had been drawn for such purposes. Our opposition sprang from no hostility to commerce, or to all necessary aids for facilitating it. With us it was simply a question upon whom the burden should fall. In Georgia, for instance, we have done as much for the cause of internal improvements as any other portion of the country. years instead of four, and the President rendered ineligible for a re-election …. Our new government is founded upon exactly the opposite idea; its foundations are laid, its corner- stone rests, upon the great truth that the negro is not equal to the white man; They were attempting to make things equal which the Creator had made unequal. Alexander Stephens, Cornerstone Speech, March 21, 1861 Savannah, GA Under the Confederate Constitution, per Alexander Stephens, which of the following was NOT an “improvement” made by the new government?

“Joseph Smith… came from nowhere. Reared in a poor Yankee farm family, he had less than two years of formal schooling and began life without social standing or institutional backing. His family rarely attended church. Yet in the fourteen years he headed the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Smith created a religious culture that survived his death, flourished in the most desolate regions of the United States, and continues to grow worldwide. . . . In 1830 at the age of twenty-four, he published the Book of Mormon….He built cities and temples and gathered thousands of fo llowers before he was killed at age thirty-eight.” — Richard Lyman Bushman, historian, Joseph Smith Rough Stone Rolling: A Cultural Biography of Mormonism’s Founder, 2005 The goals of the Mormons, as described in the excerpt, were most like the goals of which of the following colonial groups?

The Vigilance Committee of Boston inform you that the MOCK TRIAL of the poor Fugitive Slave has been further postponed…. Come down, then, Sons of the Puritans: for even if the poor victim is to be carried off by the brute force of arms, and delivered over to Slavery, you should at least be present to witness the sacrifice, and you should follow him in sad procession with your tears and prayers, and then go home and take such action as your manhood and your patriotism may suggest.  Come, then, by the early trains on MONDAY, and rally…. Come with courage and resolution in your hearts; but, this time, with only such arms as God gave you.”  Proclamation addressed “To the Yeomanry of New England,” Boston, 1854 The issuing of documents such as the proclamation generally had which of the following effects?

“The expansion of the South [from 1800 to 1850] across the Appalachians and the Mississippi River to the fringes of the high plains was one of the great American folk wanderings. Motivated by the longing for fresh and cheap land,… Southerners completed their occupation of a region as large as western Europe. Despitethe variety of the land, . . . the settlers of the Southwest had certain broad similarities. They might be farmers large or small, but most farmed or lived by serving the needs of farmers. . . . Not all owned or ever would own slaves, but most accepted slavery as a mode of holding and creating wealth.” — Albert E. Cowdrey, historian, This Land, This South: An Environmental History, 1983 Which of the following was the most significant impact of the South’s expansion described in the excerpt?

“The expansion of the South [from 1800 to 1850] across the Appalachians and the Mississippi River to the fringes of the high plains was one of the great American folk wanderings. Motivated by the longing for fresh and cheap land,… Southerners completed their occupation of a region as large as western Europe. Despitethe variety of the land, . . . the settlers of the Southwest had certain broad similarities. They might be farmers large or small, but most farmed or lived by serving the needs of farmers. . . . Not all owned or ever would own slaves, but most accepted slavery as a mode of holding and creating wealth.” — Albert E. Cowdrey, historian, This Land, This South: An Environmental History, 1983 Which of the following contributed most directly to the population movement described in the excerpt?

“The normal condition of all the territory of the United States is that of freedom. That as our Republican fathers, when they had abolished slavery in all our national [western] territory, ordained that ‘no person should be deprived of life, liberty or property, without due process of law,’ it becomes our duty by legislation, whenever such legislation is necessary, to maintain this provision of the Constitution against all attempts to violate it; and we deny the authority of Congress, of a territorial legislature, orof any individuals, to give legal existence to slavery in any territory of the United States.” — Republican Party platform, 1860 The ideas expressed in the excerpt were most directly influenced by the 

“No roads marked the way to the traveler in California then; but, guided by the sun and well-known mountain peaks, we proceeded on our journey…. Some forty or fifty men were at work with the cradle machines, and were averaging about eight ounces [of gold] per day to the man. But a few moments passed before I was knee deep in water, with my wash-basin full of dirt, plunging it about endeavoring to separate the dirt from the gold. After washing some fifty pans of dirt, I found I had realized about four bits’ worth of gold. Reader, do you know how [one] feels when the gold fever heat has suddenly fallen to about zero? I do…. The Indians who were working for Capts. Sutter and Weber gave them leading information, so that they were enabled to know the direction in which new discoveries were to be made…. The morals of the miners of ’48 should here be noticed. No person worked on Sunday at digging for gold…. We had ministers of the gospel amongst us, but they never preached. Religion had been forgotten, even by its ministers, and instead of their pointing out the narrow way which leads to eternal happiness…. they might have been seen, with pick-axe and pan, traveling untrodden [untraveled] ways in search of … treasure… or drinking good health and prosperity with friends.”  — James H. Carson, describing life in the early California gold fields, 1848 Which of the following developments MOST directly led to the activities described in the excerpt? 

“I know not how to thank you for the deep and lively interest you have been pleased to take in the cause of … the emancipation of a people, who, for two long centuries, have endured, with the utmost patience, a bondage, one hour of which… is worse than ages of that which your fathers rose in rebellion to oppose.  “It is such indications on the part of the press – which, happily, are multiplying throughout the land – that kindle up within me an ardent hope that the curse of slavery will not much longer be permitted to make its iron foot-prints in the lacerated [deeply cut] hearts of my…brethren…. I am called, by way of reproach, a runaway slave.  As if it were a crime – an unpardonable crime – for a man to take his unalienable rights!  “But why [you], a New York editor, born and reared in the State of Maine, far removed from the contaminated… atmosphere of slavery, should pursue such a course [supporting abolition], is not so apparent. I will not, however, stop here to acertain the cause, but deal with fact…. “The object… is simply to give such an exposition of the degrading influence of slavery upon the master and his [supporters] as well as upon the slave – to excite such an intelligent interest on the subject of American slavery – as may react upon that country, and tend to shame her out of her adhesion to a system which all must confess to disagree with justice….  I am earnestly and anxiously laboring to wipe off this foul blot from the… American people, that they may accomplish in behalf of human freedom that which their exalted position among the nations of the earth amply fits them to do.”  — Frederick Douglass to New York Tribune editor Horace Greeley, 1846 Rhetoric in the excerpt would most likely have been interpreted as promoting which of the following? 

Please download a copy of the Midterm Excel workbook (When you click on the link, it will open in a new window. Select the “Download BUSAD 525 Midterm” link and save a copy of the file to your computer using the following naming convention: BUSAD525_Midterm_LastName) Complete the problems provided on the Excel spreadsheets.  There are 4 tabbed spreadsheets, one for each problem.  When you have completed all the problems, save your Excel workbook and upload the file by clicking on the “Choose a File” button below. When you have completed all the problems, save your Excel workbook and upload the file. (Please use the following naming convention for your file: BUSAD525_Midterm_LastName)

In a one-tailed hypothesis test, the alternative hypothesis specifies: .